tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21388556736527778812024-03-24T12:40:11.498+05:30MeansOFminEMy Stuffs and InformationsUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-50079855943894266812011-10-28T23:42:00.000+05:302011-10-28T23:42:13.317+05:30Improve Your Online Reputation and Fix Internet Embarrassments<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Whether
you're looking to hide your personal activities from prospective
employers or you just don't want last Friday's naked wood-chopping
contest making the rounds on the internet, getting rid of embarrassing
online photos, videos, and messages can be tough. Here's how you can
take action when you want to purge the internet of your shameful content
and maintain your upstanding online reputation. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Google executive chairman Eric Schmidt famously said, "If you have
something that you don't want anyone to know, maybe you shouldn't be
doing it in the first place." His advice probably is your best course of
action if you never want to be embarrassed again in your life, but it's
also a good way to never have fun again. In fact, for most of us, there
are certain embarrassments we're happy to share with certain folks but
not others. At some point we've all had something to hide, but the
internet makes that difficult. In this post we're going to take a look
at how you can retake your privacy (or at least greatly improve it) and
control your online reputation.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
First we'll take a look at Facebook, the most popular social network on
the planet and subsquently home to some of your most embarrassing
photos, public arguments, and so on. Then we'll look at controlling what
shows up on the web in general.</span></span><h2 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Get Embarrassing Content Removed from Facebook</span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Facebook
wants to be the place where you share everything, but there are some
moments in life you'd probably rather keep private. You can certainly
prevent yourself from posting embarrassing drunk photos or a love letter
you sent to a crush in high school, but you can't control other people.
When a friend, family member, or enemy posts content you don't want
anyone to see, here are the steps you need to take to get it removed.</span></span><h4 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Stage One: Use Facebook's Built-in Content Removal Tools</span></h4>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="Fun & Info @ Keralites.net" border="0" id="yiv1170342164KERALITES" src="http://cache.gawkerassets.com/assets/images/17/2011/10/small_0800-facebook-remove-wall-post.jpg" title="Infotainment @ www.keralites.net" /><br /><br />While
Facebook won't let you delete content uploaded by another person, it
will allow you to ensure it doesn't show up anywhere on your profile,
wall, or photo stream. It's very easy to un-tag yourself in wall post by
clicking the little gear icon that appears when you hover over a
particular message. This gear's drop-down menu will give you three
useful choices: remove from profile, remove tag, and remove/mark as
spam. The differences between these three options are relatively minor.
If a post is only showing up on your wall because you were tagged in it,
removing the tag is enough to make it disappear from your page. If
someone posted to your wall, specifically, you'll want to
remove the post from your profile. If the post or tagged message on your
wall is an ad or something that very much doesn't belong on your
profile and comes from somebody you don't know, you'll want to mark it
as spam instead. You could also use this option to get back at someone
who deliberately tried to embarrass you, because they can get in trouble
with Facebook if they have enough messages designated as spam, but
that's not a very nice thing to do.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="Fun & Info @ Keralites.net" border="0" id="yiv1170342164KERALITES" src="http://cache.gawker.com/assets/images/lifehacker/2011/10/0800-remove-photo-from-profile.jpg" title="Infotainment @ www.keralites.net" /><br /><br />If
you want to remove a photo from your profile and/or wall, the process
is very similar. Just click on the embarrassing photo so you can view it
and look for the options on the bottom right. If the photo is on your
profile, you'll see a check mark and some text to let you know. Beside
that text is a subtle link that says "Remove." Clicking it will keep
this photo out of your profile's photo albums and photo stream. Further
down you'll also see an option call "Report/Remove Tag." This is what
you want to click to prevent this photo showing up as one of the photos
you're tagged in and anywhere on your wall. You can remove the tag for
no reason at all, but you'll also be asked if the photo is
harassing you or a friend. Additionally, you can use this same function
to report nudity, hate speech, and more. Basically, this one link is
designed to handle reporting any photo that breaches Facebook's terms of
use and/or your desire for personal privacy.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
In the event that the problem photo is not terribly extreme, however,
and you just don't want it showing up as one of the top five photos on
your profile, you can remove it very easily. Just hover over that
photo's thumbnail on your page and click the little "X" that appears in
the top right corner.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">These are the most common types of embarrassing
content you'd want to remove and report, but Facebook provides similar
tools for just about anything on the site. For instructions on dealing
with embarrassing groups, fake profiles, and more, check out Facebook's
content reporting FAQ.</span></div>
<div>
</div>
<h4 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Stage Two: Ask Your Friend to Remove the Embarrassing Content</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Once
you've done everything you can using Facebook's privacy tools, your
next step should be to talk to the person who posted the embarrassing
content regardless of your relationship. Even if you don't get along
with the poster, s/he may be willing to remove it if you make a simple,
kind request. Send them a polite message on Facebook requesting removal.
Even if you get no response or a refusal, asking kindly demonstrates
that you made a reasonable effort to get the content removed yourself.
Be sure to take screenshots of the message should you need a copy
sometime down the road.</span></span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Stage Three: Contact Facebook</span></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><img alt="Fun & Info @ Keralites.net" border="0" id="yiv1170342164KERALITES" src="http://cache.gawkerassets.com/assets/images/17/2011/10/medium_0800-contact-a-person-at-facebook.jpg" title="Infotainment @ www.keralites.net" /></span><br style="font-family: inherit;" /><br style="font-family: inherit;" /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">There
are many reasons a friend, enemy, or family member will want to keep
the embarrassing content on their profile. If you've tried to reason
with them and this content still upsets you greatly and Facebook's
automated methods have gotten you nowehere, you can try to contact
Facebook with a complaint. Unfortunately, Facebook does not provide an
official means of actually contacting a human and doesn't promise a
response. That said, you still have a few options:</span></span></div>
<ol style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Post in the help discussions</b> to get advice from other Facebook users and occassionally from Facebook staff.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Submit a complaint via the Facebook Intellectual Property Infringement Form</b>.
In the event the offending content is a photo, you can report that you
did not give the person posting this photo permission to use your
likeness in any way and want it removed.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Submit a complaint via the Facebook Terms Violation Reporting Form</b>.
This form was designed to help people who can't access their accounts
and need a means of getting help. You're supposed to use the
aforementioned help discussions in the event you can still log in. If
you're having issues with content removal, however, the help discussions
may not be too helpful. Rather than give up, open a private browsing
session or log out of your Facebook account to access this page and
submit your issue.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Call Facebook headquarters</b> at (650) 543-4800. If you press 1
for customer support, you'll just be notified that they do not offer it.
(Thanks a lot, Facebook.) If you know a law enforcement officer that
can call for you, they can press 2 and get a response in a couple of
days. If you don't, try pressing 7 for "all other inquiries" and leaving
a message. Chances are you won't hear back, but if you have an extreme
situation that you can't take to the police this is worth a shot.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Send an email to info@support.facebook.com</b>. Back when
Facebook provided proper email support you'd reach them via this
address. This address seems to be active, but few people have had any
success in using it. If you're completely out of options, use it as a
last-ditch effort.</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">For more ways to contact Facebook regarding specific issues, check out this note.</span></span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Stage Four: Beef Up Your Privacy Settings</span></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><img alt="Fun & Info @ Keralites.net" border="0" id="yiv1170342164KERALITES" src="http://cache.gawker.com/assets/images/lifehacker/2011/10/0800-privacy-settings.jpg" title="Infotainment @ www.keralites.net" /></span><br style="font-family: inherit;" /><br style="font-family: inherit;" /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If
you don't want embarrassing content posted on your profile page or
wall, take preemptive measures and block it in advance. Facebook allows
you to prevent others from posting to your wall and more, so if you're
concerned about a particular individual or group of people just block
certain privileges in advance.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">To do this, you need to start by
accessing your Privacy Settings. These are easy to find by going to the
top right part of any page and clicking on the downward facing triangle
(pictured to the right). This will reveal a menu where you can click
Privacy Settings. From there you have a few relevant options.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><img alt="Fun & Info @ Keralites.net" border="0" id="yiv1170342164KERALITES" src="http://cache.gawkerassets.com/assets/images/17/2011/10/medium_0800-privacy-options.jpg" title="Infotainment @ www.keralites.net" /></span><br style="font-family: inherit;" /><br style="font-family: inherit;" /><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: inherit;">How You Connect</b><span style="font-family: inherit;">
is the first and possibly only section you're going to need. Towards
the bottom you'll find options allowing you to limit who can post on
your wall and see wall posts by the people you allow. Setting this to
"Friends" is often a safe bet, so only your public messages are visible
and only you can see content contributed by others. Alternatively you
can choose "Custom" and give access to only people in a specific
Facebook List. While this won't remove the content, it'll make it much
harder for people to actually find.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The
<b>How Tags Work</b> section provides you with several options to help
prevent unwanted tagging of photos, messages, and more. You can turn on
"Profile Review" and "Tag Review" so that you get to approve every tag
before it's allowed to become active.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
Finally, the </span><b style="font-family: inherit;">Manage Blocking</b><span style="font-family: inherit;"> section will allow you to block
users from interacting with you in any way. You'll find this option at
the bottom of the page and will only want to use it in extreme
circumstances. It's important to remember that while it will prevent
them from tagging you in embarrassing content, it won't prevent them
from posting it.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">For more Facebook privacy tips, be sure to check out our always up-to-date guide on managing your Facebook privacy.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h2 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Remove or Bury Unwanted Search Results</span></h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The fastest way to drudge
up embarrassing information about anyone—whether they're on Facebook or
not—is by hitting up your search engine of choice (although there are
plenty of other methods). When your own shameful content shows up in
Google, you can't always get it removed but there is plenty you can do
to bury it.</span></span></div>
<h4 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Step One: Attempt to Get the Content Officially Removed</span></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><img alt="Fun & Info @ Keralites.net" border="0" id="yiv1170342164KERALITES" src="http://cache.gawkerassets.com/assets/images/17/2011/10/medium_0800-google-page-remover.jpg" title="Infotainment @ www.keralites.net" /></span><br style="font-family: inherit;" /><br style="font-family: inherit;" /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">When
you want embarrassing content out of a search engine, it helps to start
at the source. Contact the web site where the content resides and
simply ask them to remove it. Once it's off the site it'll fall out of
the search results in due time. In the event the web site won't comply
or you just want to be doubly sure your content won't show up, you can
send a request to the search engine to have it removed. Most search
engines offer this service. Here are instructions for Google, and Google
Images, Bing. Some smaller search engines, like Duck Duck Go, have a
standard contact form for all issues. If the page with embarrassing
content is actually one you made, however, Bing has a support document
that shows you how to tell search engines to avoid indexing it. When
it's your pages that you don't want showing up in search results, follow
those instructions.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">In extreme situations, you can submit a legal
complaint to Google. Google tends to respond to these legal complaints
with quick removal, not taking much effort to investigate. This can be
good for you if you want something removed, but bad for the person whose
page is being removed as the appeal process can take a long time. You
don't want to go this route unless someone is using your likeness
without your consent, using your work without permission, defaming you,
or potentially breaking the law in another way.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h4 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Step Two: Bury the Unwanted Content So Nobody Can Find It</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"></span></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">When
it comes to hiding something you don't want others to see, "noise" can
be your best friend. One embarrassing photo is very easy to see when
you're staring right at it, but when it's beside tons of other photos it
gets lost pretty quickly, especially if you have to scroll on and on
just to figure out where it is. If you can't get rid of something in a
search engine, your best bet is to create more interesting and
legitimate content to push it down and out of the way.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">One
of the easiest ways to make this happen is to create profiles and pages
on popular social sites like Twitter, YouTube, Vimeo, Flickr, Google+,
Blogger, and so on, so your content will be indexed and show up in
search results. Just be sure to use your real name so that the videos,
photos, messages, or whatever you post are associated with that name.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
As we've previously discussed, registering your name as a domain name
and putting up a name plate web site can help you reclaim what shows up
in your search results. Just be sure to add links to your web site on
other social sites to help increase its page rank.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">You'll need to
actually manage your online reputation once you have it set up so your
content rises above the embarrassing stuff you can't destroy. This
doesn't require much more than actually using the services you sign up
for and posting only things you want others to see. If you have a
problem posting responsibly, install Internet Shame Insurance to get a
warning before you post content you'll regret.</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-40956769693444080482011-06-30T20:57:00.000+05:302011-06-30T20:57:21.936+05:30Download a copy of your data stored within Google products by Google Takeout.<div style="text-align: justify;">
As part of its policy of transparency
with regard to identity, google seems clearer than Facebook. We must be
able to know all that google has on our identity. Already we have a good
overview of the services we use with Google by going to <a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/b/0/ManageAccount">ManageAccount</a>. But<strong> if one day he took me want to quit google will require me to be able to move everything I have put in their homes, </strong>like
the photos (Picasa), the buzz (we do not care a bit) my contacts
(important) and my profile (it's good we know a little what it looks
like the profile). Try<a href="https://www.google.com/takeout" target="_blank"> google takeout</a>
appears to be a draft service data backup google. It is not complete
missing services but with Picassa, buzz, contact and profile, can
already be satisfied.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="" border="0" class="aligncenter" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHYfEbeSYy1rFAeRNFgDH3-Cv0-0Ty4VzlMtjF4DeRQ8l6CZEwhjQPm-03nh9yXkm5ug__14Nu9Rsq8QlSvAhQvTxN1_EAWJi2HhfcNl78K8KkcXCKMv4edOshjiVFWvs23yCJkV4n0p6n/s1600/google_takeout.jpg" width="589" /></div>
<div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
While you might not want to move out of
curiosity, it is rather interesting to download the files and know a bit
about what you store in google, in my case, I have 3406 files 2273 buzz
that m ' not interested, but I have 1117 photos. The total weight is
68.1 MB, which is not much for my taste, given my addiction google.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Too bad there are no options to download
all attachments to google mail, YouTube videos and documents from google
doc, I would have loved them back. One day perhaps!</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.google.com/takeout" target="_blank">google.com / takeout</a> for googlonautes.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-58843337164051926152011-06-22T17:35:00.000+05:302011-06-22T17:35:21.985+05:30Why Google Earth Can't Show You Israel?<a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/maps/large/is-map.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/maps/large/is-map.gif" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><b>Why Google Earth Can't Show You </b></span>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><b>Israel?</b></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Since
Google launched its Google Earth feature in 2005, the company has
become a worldwide leader in providing high-resolution satellite
imagery. In 2010, Google Earth allowed the world to see the extent of
the destruction in post-earthquake Haiti . This year, Google released
similar images after Japan 's deadly tsunami and earthquake. With just
one click, Google can bring the world—and a better understanding of
far-away events—to your computer.</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">There is one entire country, however, that Google Earth won't show you: Israel .</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">That's
because, in 1997, Congress passed the National Defense Authorization
Act, one section of which is titled, "Prohibition on collection and
release of detailed satellite imagery relating to Israel ." The
amendment, known as the Kyl-Bingaman Amendment, calls for a federal
agency, the NOAA's Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Affairs, to
regulate the dissemination of zoomed-in images of Israel .</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">When asked about the regulation, a Google spokeswoman told <i>Mother Jones</i>,
"The images in Google Earth are sourced from a wide range of both
commercial and public sources. We source our satellite imagery from
US-based companies who are subject to US law, including the Kyl-Bingaman
Amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act of 1997, which
limits the resolution of imagery of Israel that may be commercially
distributed."</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">And
it's not just Israel . The regulation also applies to the occupied
territories. It's why Human Rights Watch can't provide detailed imagery
of the Gaza Strip in its reports. Of course, this regulation cuts both
ways; one also cannot see the destruction in Sderot resulting from
rockets sent out of Gaza .</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="ecxyiv128400917MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/flags/large/is-lgflag.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/flags/large/is-lgflag.gif" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">But,
the impact of the regulation might be dwindling; after all, the US can
only regulate the actions of American corporations. Turkey recently
announced that its GokTurk satellite will provide high-resolution
imagery of Israel when it becomes operational in 2013. Israel is unhappy
with this possibility: An Israeli official told <i>Al-Arabiya</i>, "We
try to ensure that we are not photographed at high resolutions, and most
(countries) accommodate us." The official adds: "Should we request this
of the Turks? We won't ask for it. There is no one to talk to."</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-10930975588860919832011-06-21T21:36:00.000+05:302011-06-21T21:36:01.006+05:30How to choose a smartphone?<h2 style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhv8nfYC17_q35NDy62SmW1F6YYfF1VlEvgIwgZLNVF3kXqLxDF6oDp0nJK6zxbMf_soxxo3ORogTY2D5ksWPlbEpBee5YucH22-tHM6t1vIuQpgA7rNNW5yfC0RsETUNLfJQ-uIPyZ749/s1600/smartphone.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhv8nfYC17_q35NDy62SmW1F6YYfF1VlEvgIwgZLNVF3kXqLxDF6oDp0nJK6zxbMf_soxxo3ORogTY2D5ksWPlbEpBee5YucH22-tHM6t1vIuQpgA7rNNW5yfC0RsETUNLfJQ-uIPyZ749/s400/smartphone.JPG" width="400" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">Android, BlackBerry, iPhone or Nokia? All you have to keep in mind
to buy the smartphone more suitable for your needs. Tips and indicative
prices</span></i></h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Beyond the recommendations of the WHO this week (see page 2), cell
phones are in everyone's hands. And the more attention they receive
smartphones, which combine high technology and sophisticated features to
function as pocket computers. They took 19% of worldwide mobile sales
in 2010, according to Gartner. In Argentina were 14% of phones sold last
year (nearly 1.7 million units), according to consultancy Carrier.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Popular or not, smartphones have their peculiarities,
which should be taken into account when choosing them. What defines a
smartphone is a sophisticated access to the Web (ie, that lets you view
pages without translating to a mobile version), multiple messaging
options and access to an application store. It is considered smartphones
to mobile operating system Android, Symbian (S60 or S ^ 3), IOS,
BlackBerry OS, Bada, Windows Mobile / Phone, WebOS, Meegan and some
others, each with their strengths and weaknesses, what adds the hardware
manufacturer to choose the teams.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>In addition to making calls and sending SMS with
smartphones is possible to check the mail on the phone (for Exchange,
POP3 or IMAP), manage contacts and appointments synchronize that data
with another computer, use an instant messenger, take pictures, record
and share videos, use the computer as a music player and videos, access
the full Web, not the mobile version, and add applications and games
that complement the functions of cellular and downloaded from a central
store. Almost all those sold in the country are able to access 3G
networks as well as 2G and include Wi-Fi and GPS.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b class="subtituloGris">The cost of connection</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Is
no minor issue is the Internet connection of these devices. In general,
smartphones assume beforehand that the user has a subscription that
includes megabytes of data and try to connect to the wireless network is
just turn on the computer. So at the time of purchasing the phone must
verify which includes the payment in terms of access to the Web</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Consumption is not measured by time, but for data
transferred. The chat or e-mail does not consume many KB, browsing the
Web can be more expensive (especially if there are images on the page)
and what to avoid at all costs, unless you have a flat rate plan,
services are streaming audio or video such as YouTube, which consume
many megabytes.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>The local operators offer alternatives to connect to
the Internet the more expensive monthly subscription, plus megabytes of
data to the Internet will have (besides call minutes, SMS, etc.) and
cheaper to be paid the new computer.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Claro offers, for example, a plan of $ 199 with
Multimedia 600 minutes, 300 SMS, 10 toll free numbers and 2 gigabytes of
data, Movistar, the Full 189, for $ 189 includes 600 minutes, 200 SMS,
free 4 destinations, discounts on calls and SMS lines of the company or
Telefónica, and 700 MB of transfer, plus unlimited access to email and
social networks. In the case of staff, his plan includes Black $ 199
free to call 10 numbers, 500 free minutes, 250 SMS and unlimited
browsing (after the 2 GB consumed reduces the available bandwidth).
Claro and Movistar also have a payment of $ 289 more minutes and
messages.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>There are cheaper alternatives, from fertilizers
similar to the above but with less minutes, SMS and MB data packages to
complement what you already have the user, with unlimited access only to
email or social networks. RIM pioneered in this, the company that
manufactures the BlackBerry.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Today you can find in the country, teams with Android
(featuring Huawei, LG, Motorola, Samsung and Sony Ericsson, which
Alcatel will join in the coming months); Phone with Windows 7 (for now,
only LG ) Symbian (Nokia) with IOS (iPhone) BlackBerry OS (teams RIM)
and Bada (Samsung).</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>With all you can do more or less the same, the
variation is in how they do, what combination of hardware available and
what is the resulting price of the equipment.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>In matters of messaging, all computers (except those
running Windows Phone and Bada) are able to connect to your Windows Live
Messenger, Google Talk, Yahoo Messenger or Skype for instant messaging,
plus WhatsApp.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b class="subtituloGris">Android</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>The greater
range of prices, models and manufacturers is now with Android. Its
strength is in integration with Google services in the 200,000
applications available and that, as in the case of IOS Apple computer
interface is designed from the outset to be used with touch screens. And
you can find computers with Qwerty keyboard, horizontal or vertical.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Until a couple of weeks the top line was the Galaxy S
i9000, i9003 is sold today, similar, but with 4 GB of internal memory
and no digital TV, Personal offers it for $ 1299, Movistar for twice the
money . In a similar price range are the Motorola Milestone 2 and Sony
Ericsson X10, all with chips at 1 GHz. Then there are intermediate options, such as Defy
Motorola, Sony Ericsson X8, Samsung or LG 550 Galaxy Optimus One, among
others, with prices ranging from $ 750 to $ 1000, the difference is in
their slower processors, screens smaller and more modest houses.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>In the coming months will be renewed Android high-end
equipment with dual-core chips, the Motorola Atrix (which should be
offering staff these days to 1999 pesos), followed by Optimus 2X LG and
Samsung S2 Galaxy.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>And according to Alcatel One Touch 906 your phone, with
Android and resistive screen 2.8 "at 500 MHz chip will arrive within
two months to the catalogs of course a price close to 400 pesos.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b class="subtituloGris">BlackBerry</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>The
strongest of these phones is messaging, thanks to its highly desirable
BlackBerry Messenger, in turn, is the only platform that connects people
to Skype. RIM also offers equipment in several price ranges, all of
similar format, with a half-size screen and a Qwerty keyboard vertical.
The functions in the models are very similar: the difference is the
screen resolution, the camera and the materials used. The most
economical model is the Curve 8520 (not 3G), the top line is the Torch,
the only touch-screen keyboard; prices range from 900 to 2800 pesos,
depending on the fertilizer and the operator.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>These teams do not have FM radio, and access to the Web
is a weak point. RIM's store offers more than 30,000 applications for
these teams. RIM also manufactures equipment not in Tierra del Fuego at
the moment, so it is not always easy to find in stores.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b class="subtituloGris">Nokia</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Those
looking for a team that specializes in photography can be tested with
the Nokia N8 (between $ 1299 and $ 1999, depending on the chosen
operator and manure), which also includes a touch screen a 12-megapixel
camera with a sensor similar to digital camera pocket, and also offers
the E5 ($ 799 with Movistar), a device similar to the BlackBerry
(teclaro Qwerty and 2.4 "screen). Both teams include guided navigation
maps that do not require an Internet connection - and, therefore, do not
use credit data. The rest of the Nokia Symbian ^ 3, or S60v3 S60v5 maps
also include free access to mail, chat and more.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Nokia will migrate next year most of its Windows
platform smartphones Phone 7. Not that the teams stop working with
Symbian, or to receive updates, but is likely to limit the availability
of new applications in your store, now has 40,000 programs.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b class="subtituloGris">iPhone</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>The
iPhone 4 is one of the teams that most resonates with smartphones, but
it is almost impossible to get in Argentina, Apple computers do not join
in Tierra del Fuego, so it makes it difficult to import phones. And the
demand is lower than the rest: Apple team was 3% of the local market of
smartphones in 2010, compared with 22% of Android, BlackBerry 31% and
39% of Symbian. In fact, none of the three local operators have it in
stock, when it had its price was about 2500 pesos. The strength of the
iPhone is its aesthetics-both your hardware and software-half a million
applications available on its store and its polished interface, but
rather Android approached him in office and ease of use.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b class="subtituloGris">Bada / Windows</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>LG
offers the country its Optimus 7 ($ 1699 with Treatment), a high-end
mobile Phone with Windows 7, a very attractive operating system, but
still lacks some functions to be competitive with the rest (although no
problems to access the Web, Facebook or multiple accounts). And Samsung
promotes the country Bada Wave line, a somewhat limited operating system
with which the company aims to create own way in the world of
smartphones.</i></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-59149115955012238682011-06-21T21:28:00.000+05:302011-06-21T21:28:05.124+05:30How Google rewards our presence on Twitter and Facebook?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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</div>
<br />
<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><a href="http://www.ibda3world.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/typo-twitter-bird-typo-twitter-bird-1280x720-580x317.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.ibda3world.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/typo-twitter-bird-typo-twitter-bird-1280x720-580x317.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="174" src="http://www.ibda3world.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/typo-twitter-bird-typo-twitter-bird-1280x720-580x317.jpg" title="typo-twitter-bird-typo-twitter-bird-1280x720" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The algorithm used by <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Google</span> web pages to positioning is not
usually something that controls a company. Still, almost all companies have
clear the importance of being present in <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Twitter</span> and <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Facebook</span>
to better position themselves, not just the need to be there if that is where
the buyers are, but the importance of how to be present. <span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Víctor Pérez Acosta</span> speaks of this in this
post: "Why social networks are important in SEO".</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We talked several times about the
importance of social networks in building online reputation. But now we speak
of the importance of the links on Facebook and Twitter have in achieving a good
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">SEO</span>. Recently Google, the blog
of Matt Cutts has confirmed that the measurements on these social networks are
considered in the algorithm that calculates the final position of a site in
search results pages. Expand on the concept.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is true that mentions on Twitter
and Facebook have already been considered in real-time search. The novelty is
that the indications now are considered the natural position, with perhaps more
important than a link elsewhere. The first thing you need to consider is that
not all the links created on Twitter and Facebook have the same value. Google
always tries to assess the popularity of the website and in this case taken as
greater or lesser extent the popularity of the followers of each user. That is
to afford a link on Twitter by a user who has few followers represent a minor
benefit to do so by a user who has many followers. Consequently there would be
a good idea to start a campaign of door openers in hopes of influencing the
ranking of a site. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How then capitalize on this new
feature. Ideally, you face a social marketing campaign and achieve effective
and stable presence in social networks through the creation of online
communities. So if most of the efforts of SEO and SEO so far were only focused
on "traditional SEO", it is time to seriously consider a campaign
medium and long term include social networks mentioned. This is not to create
profiles and keep people, but to achieve true interaction, failed to produce a
response from the community and be considered a site of value for users.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Consider social networking as a
construction technique of informal networks is not get to see the true value
that they can have as power and mobilizing in the ranking of a website. Social
networks have become a reference point for potential buyers and merit for
themselves the effort that can be applied in developing their growth.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-50957816560124499242011-06-08T20:55:00.000+05:302011-06-08T20:55:04.992+05:30How to block geolocation in browsers?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.techpluto.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/hivefivebrowsers1_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="http://www.techpluto.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/hivefivebrowsers1_01.jpg" border="0" height="190" src="http://www.techpluto.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/hivefivebrowsers1_01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>You probably know that the Internet is able to locate you
when you are geographically connected. But developers have set their
software so that it remains possible to keep personal information
secret.</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer 9, Google Chrome, Safari and Opera 5
or 10 can be configured to do so. Simply perform the following
manipulations.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>For Firefox 4 </strong></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 / Start Firefox and type in the address bar "about: config" and press Enter.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 / The browser warns you about the drawbacks of this manipulation but stay calm and click on "I'll be careful, I promise!".</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3 / In the list that appears, find the file " <strong>geo.enabled</strong>. Double-click it and verify that the "true" becomes " <strong>false</strong> ».</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>For Internet Explorer 9 </strong></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 / Run IE9 then click on "Tools" then "Internet Options".</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 / In the window that opens, click the Privacy tab. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3 / Under "Location", select " <strong>Never allow Web sites to request your physical location</strong>. Click "OK" to accept and save.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>Google Chrome </strong></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 / Launch the browser Google Chrome. Click on the icon wrench then "Advanced Options" in the dropdown menu.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 / A window opens, click the "Advanced Options". Under "Privacy", click "Content Settings".</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3 / A new window will open. Under "Address" check on " <strong>Prohibit all sites to follow my location</strong>"Then" Close ".<span class="imgContent imgCenter"><span class="spipLegend" style="width: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>For Safari 5</strong></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 / After launching Safari 5, click on "Preferences" from the "Safari" menu.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 / Click the Security tab and uncheck the box " <strong>Allow the website to request location information</strong> ».<span class="imgContent imgCenter"><span class="spipLegend" style="width: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
For Opera 10</h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 / Open the Opera browser. Go to "Settings" and click "Preferences."</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 / In the window that opens, click the Advanced tab.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3 / In the list on the left, click on "Network". It only remains to uncheck the box " <strong>Enable geotagging</strong> ».</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-66098249533770853182011-06-07T11:06:00.000+05:302011-06-07T11:06:19.056+05:30Why "Ads by Google" as "AdChoices" ?<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>You've Probably
Noticed That Appearing AdWords ads on your site Have a special "i" icon
That Expands to an "Ads by Google" label in the bottom corner of the ad.</span> <span> Users Who Are click this label taken to a page Where They learn more about online advertising and They've seen the ads.</span> <span>
Giving users clear notice about the ads They see is a high priority for
Google and for Many in the online advertising industry at large.</span></span> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br /><span> We'll soon start to change Our notice ads in " icon to a new icon That Expands to an "AdChoice" label.</span></span> <span style="font-size: small;"> <span> These notifications Were Developed by the online advertising industry's Self-Regulatory Program for Online Behavioral Advertising to Give users more proactively notice and choice about They see the ads.</span> <span>
With the change from our "i" icon and "Ads by Google" label to These
New notifications, we hope to show Our support for this cross-industry
Initiative, and to Increase Our users' Understanding about ad Choices
Through adoption of an icon They 'll see on ads across the web.</span></span> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br /><img alt="" border="0" height="240" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5586645659352786722" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFPxBwJDlrpxQWuFUiROPohY3G7UQVJYsAIXyDLnxIkq8N_lPE_V_qL6qdda1aDSaqTR2eXO2huCcOjUS2liuREEgq3D-6u7LSMiOhEVvsbpVxjaSfpfpbpJI_PSfJ1LAB0jOdHeBN2tfA/s640/new+shoe+store.png" style="display: block; height: 150px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" width="640" /></span> <span style="font-size: small;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid4Tfg6s56GFZtlhsM8J0xZZI7qb0oHGZXkzR6hdQLlMa5dhJ2MNwSKy4WYPzcZNCQUK66VC4BvGQY8ka1IK6bsrEM6dsw0rUpbJXddhH6R4CXSYAJhPOQgWR3ZAuaDLDmVolAbdi6zp-t/s1600/shoe+store+%25281%2529.png"><br /></a><img alt="" border="0" height="616" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5586559909961322194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8STMs1zrtlXd6GJtsDtDwz8HMBCqwVTmNYKHokanBNCnhTRvfLDZV-z7G0WltWPBuligEp75ivE987xaFENWywfY60cj9yyW8ODzMcpfHV-5vj2fwIqZxApZvZJwtEQEd9DEVbo_mugDx/s640/Picture-75.jpg" style="display: block; height: 207px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 215px;" width="640" /></span> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /><span> In A Few weeks, we'll begin to show the new icon and label on MOST ad formats across the Majority of Inglés-language sites.</span></span> <span style="font-size: small;"> <span> Over time, we'll expand the notice to Ensure That All Inglés-language publisher sites in the Google Display Network eats Within the Self-Regulatory Program (Until Then, These sites will show the existing "i" icon and "Ads by Google" label).</span> <span>
This Will Be the single MOST Widespread rollout of the "AdChoice" label
to date, and we're Encouraged Others in the industry That Are Adopting
it similarly.</span> <span> Also we're looking at Ways to Increase Transparency and control in other languages and countries.</span> <span> In the Meantime, Those languages and country clubs will continue to see the "i" and "Ads by Google" notice.</span></span> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br /><span>
Just Like Before, Who users click on the "AdChoice" label will Be taken
to a page Where They Can Learn more about online advertising and the
ads They've just seen.</span></span> <span style="font-size: small;"> <span> This page will Also Provide a link to the Ads Preferences Manager , users WHERE CAN control the types of interest-based ads They see.</span> <span> Our tests of this new icon and Label Show That They Should Not have any effect on ad performance.</span> <span>
We think this will help users rollout Better Understand the ads they're
seeing, and we look forward to seeing Widespread adoption of this label
THROUGHOUT the industry.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>-AdSense Blog </span> </span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-47845396216104741782011-06-02T19:09:00.000+05:302011-06-02T19:09:37.075+05:30How to protect your copyright content of website from theft?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h2 class="entry-title single-entry-title" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="topic" title="http://habrahabr.ru/blogs/startup/119216/">How to protect content from copyright theft?</span> </h2><div class="content" style="text-align: justify;"><img align="left" alt="bot" src="http://botfilter.ru/img/promo/bot.jpg" /><br />
Approaching it is time to big summer school holidays, and thousands of students flock to attracting and endless ocean of possibilities - the Internet, in order to cut the bubble out there, and by next Sept. 1 to drive up to the school on the new line of Lamborghinis. <br />
<br />
Of course, the desire of young people is commendable, but our young innovators are always trying to follow the path of least resistance: "I want to do nothing, and in order to loot the stream flowed!" In this endeavor our "future Zuckerberg buys parsilku and begins to methodically steal content from sites and blogs , rivet doorways yes sattelity and pollute the search engines. <br />
<br />
Search engines somehow trying to deal with this phenomenon, creating all sorts of filters, but <br />
What remains to do to the victims of theft - for those who do not know firsthand that earnings on the Internet is a big job: the creators of blogs, for which every post no more, no less your own child, the owners of information projects, invest in content, to hire professional copywriters and Journalists? <br />
<br />
Until recently they had to just sit and watch as the young innovators "free download" their content megabytes and prevraschiyut it in doorways and linkopomoyki for selling links. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2138855673652777881&postID=4784539621610474178" name="habracut"></a> But not now! <br />
<br />
<h4>How did it start? </h4><br />
On the preservation of the content on their own website especially do not think about it, yet, according to a famous Russian proverb about thunder and man, I do not find yourself in the role of victims of kidnappers content. So it was with us. One day I discovered that the site of my wife, which she so diligently and lovingly filled content of more than 5 years, razderbanil on Doric one (and maybe more than one) beginner black optimizer. I will not describe in detail the reaction of my wife on the news. Let me just say that the tragic situation lies in the fact that Yandex first indexed the stolen articles, not the originals from our website. How can this happen? <br />
<br />
It is known that search engines love updated site. Search engine spiders visiting your site more often if it is constantly new articles. But the problem is that an ordinary blogger physically can not produce as much content. But the average thief - you can! Still - armed with a parser, it configures its own pseudo-site on avtopublikatsiyu stolen content so at least once in five minutes! In the eyes of search engines such site into a dynamic news - not less. Especially if you make it properly marinate Domain ... <br />
<br />
<h4>How did I do? </h4>I went to Google a solution. That's what I found: <br />
<ul><li> Scripts that disable selection / copying text in the browser - a kindergarten, and only. From the parser does not save, but ordinary users pobesit - for sure! </li>
<li> Encryption of content and output it to the visitor through JavaScript - not suitable if the main source of traffic to your website - search engines. </li>
<li> Plugins for WordPress, delaying renovation of RSS-feed - save only if the content is stolen only RSS-grabber, and even then not always. </li>
<li> Some unbelievable database of malicious robots, mostly from China and Russia, it is unclear as there falling enjoyed by the U.S. government and the pair zabugornye university - apparently, they have there, too, sawing ... </li>
</ul><br />
Numerous discussions on blogs on this issue unanimously end conclusion: "You do not want to steal - not published on the Internet!" Maybe I'm bad looking, but it would seem, the problem has existed for a long time - should not exist and the solution. But no. <br />
<br />
<h4>What you need to protect? </h4><br />
And need the following: <br />
<ul><li> Do not give access to content by any automated systems, except for a specified list of useful bots (search engines, RSS-aggregators, etc.), and all people freely admit to the site. In other words, we need even before you load the page to determine who is trying to download it: the boat or person. </li>
</ul><br />
So, not finding a suitable solution, I began to develop his own. I needed to make the system of content protection, which would be independent of the site engine, because my wife and a few sites, all on different engines. Two weeks picking documentation Web standards gave me the way to solve the problem. And the solution is lying at the intersection of several technologies. In the end, loomed a software package, which would simply be criminal not to make it public service! <br />
<br />
<h4>What happened? </h4><br />
It took three months to develop ready-to-use system consisting of a "brain", analyzing incoming traffic to the site and the Personal Account with all the necessary settings, and billing. <br />
<blockquote>In a small digression to point out that in assessing the labor should not rely on I specify a period of 3 months. Man-hours actually typed on the strength of the month. I just worked in between boiling the bottles for my son's four now:) </blockquote><br />
So, let me submit to your court my creations: <br />
<br />
<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&langpair=ru%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.co.in&u=http://botfilter.ru/&usg=ALkJrhj1WFiAM0ELroWn1rQkzhrhttNSyw"><img alt="BOTFILTER" src="http://botfilter.ru/img/promo/logo-big.jpg" /></a> <br />
<br />
The system allows you to define BOTFILTER bots before loading the first page of the site. <br />
This implies the main features of the system: <br />
<ul><li> prevent copying of content malign robots </li>
<li> Spam Protection </li>
</ul><br />
Yes! Captcha is no longer needed! Robots which are able to recognize the captcha go forest:) <br />
<br />
Of the extra buns are currently working: <br />
<ul><li> Speed-limiting access to the site. If some kind person will very quickly update your site any heavy page, you can make a bad site. BOTFILTER will not permit, and a couple of minutes will limit access to this rascal. </li>
<li> DNS-editor to be placed on the service domain with the support of wildcards-records. Just a useful thing, if your hosting does not allow such. </li>
</ul><br />
Connect your website or blog to BOTFILTER very simple: just change the NS-server for your domain, and system settings include the real IP-address of your site. After this, all traffic to your site will go through the "brain" of the system: spiders, which you yourself have chosen, and people would normally see your site, and malicious bots instead of the site will be error "403 Access Denied". <br />
<br />
How to check whether the system? Very easy too. After connecting and updating the DNS-records (your site should start pinging on the new IP-address), try very quickly poobnovlyat your site F5. Will give you a message: <br />
<img alt="image" src="http://botfilter.ru/img/promo/flood-msg.jpg" /></div><div class="content" style="text-align: justify;">You can also check job protection through the <code>curl</code> , or <code>wget</code> , if you are on Linux: just type <br />
<code># curl ваш-сайт.ru</code> <br />
instead of the site and get the message "You are a bot, dear!", and going through a browser, make sure that the site opens as usual. <br />
<br />
The system is quite reliable. The architecture is such that if BOTFILTER deny the "brain", the sites of customers will continue to boot normally. A more detailed description of the system you can find on the site botfilter.ru . <br />
<br />
<h4>The plans for the future </h4><br />
Firstly, if I was not cast aside tomatoes in the near future I plan to tell habrasoobschestvu more detail about the internal structure of their system. Moreover, the happy owners of their own servers can build for themselves a similar system to protect content from theft, cross <a href="http://haproxy.1wt.eu/">haproxy</a> , <a href="http://sysoev.ru/nginx/">nginx</a> , <a href="http://nodejs.org/">Node.JS</a> and <a href="http://memcached.org/">Memcached</a> . But those who do not have your own server, of course, is easier and cheaper to use my service. <br />
<br />
Secondly, I plan to improve the resiliency of the system by increasing the server capacity and the purchase of 1Gbit-channel. At present the system in testing processes up to 5000 requests per second, but this is clearly not enough when suddenly one of the clients will pull hard real DDoS-attack. <br />
<br />
Third, despite the fact that I did not plan to protect the sites from DDoS - for this is the special services , but in the near future BOTFILTER system will protect the site from overloading. We all remember the story of the site Skolkovo . So, if they used BOTFILTER, their site would not fall. <br />
<br />
Well, in the fourth, I want to try to stick to the foreign market. The site's interface has been translated into English. Work is underway to translate the documentation. <br />
<h4>Instead of a conclusion </h4>If someone has already guessed how this all works, much to ask - do not write about it in the comments. Will not simplify the thief lives. Let them head broken. <br />
<br />
Run the project with absolute zero, so that without support habrasoobschestva I can not do. If you have friends, bloggers or site owners do not consider for work to send them a link on this topic. I am confident that my service will still be useful to people. </div></div>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-83824708888292710412011-05-31T23:07:00.000+05:302011-05-31T23:07:41.523+05:30History of the Internet<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="4500" src="http://www.mattarnzen.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/500x_internet-history.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="650" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">History of the Internet</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"></div><h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #38761d;">History of the Internet</span></h1><div id="siteSub" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div id="siteSub" style="text-align: justify;"> The concept of data communication - transmitting data between two different places, connected via some kind of electromagnetic medium, such as radio or an electrical wire - actually predates the introduction of the first computers. Such communication systems were typically limited to point to point communication between two end devices. Telegraph systems and telex machines can be considered early precursors of this kind of communication. The earlier computers used the technology available at the time to allow communication between the central processing unit and remote terminals. As the technology evolved new systems were devised to allow communication over longer distances (for terminals) or with higher speed (for interconnection of local devices) that were necessary for the mainframe computer model. Using these technologies it was possible to exchange data (such as files) between remote computers. However, the point to point communication model was limited, as it did not allow for direct communication between any two arbitrary systems; a physical link was necessary.<br />
<br />
The technology was also deemed as inherently unsafe for strategic and military use, because there were no alternative paths for the communication in case of an enemy attack.<br />
As a response, several research programs started to explore and articulate principles of communications between physically separate systems, leading to the development of the packet switching model of digital networking. These research efforts included those of the laboratories of Vinton G. Cerf at Stanford University, Donald Davies (NPL), Paul Baran (RAND Corporation), and Leonard Kleinrock at MIT and at UCLA. The research led to the development of several packet-switched networking solutions in the late 1960s and 1970s, including ARPANET, Telenet, and the X.25 protocols.<br />
<br />
Additionally, public access and hobbyist networking systems grew in popularity, including <i>unix-to-unix copy</i> (UUCP) and FidoNet. They were however still disjointed separate networks, served only by limited gateways between networks. This led to the application of packet switching to develop a protocol for internetworking, where multiple different networks could be joined together into a super-framework of networks. By defining a simple common network system, the Internet Protocol Suite, the concept of the network could be separated from its physical implementation. This spread of internetworking began to form into the idea of a global network that would be called the Internet, based on standardized protocols officially implemented in 1982. Adoption and interconnection occurred quickly across the advanced telecommunication networks of the western world, and then began to penetrate into the rest of the world as it became the de-facto international standard for the global network. However, the disparity of growth between advanced nations and the third-world countries led to a digital divide that is still a concern today.<br />
<br />
Following commercialization and introduction of privately run Internet service providers in the 1980s, and the Internet's expansion for popular use in the 1990s, the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce. This includes the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail (e-mail), text based discussion forums, and the World Wide Web. Investor speculation in new markets provided by these innovations would also lead to the inflation and subsequent collapse of the Dot-com bubble. But despite this, the Internet continues to grow, driven by commerce, greater amounts of online information and knowledge and social networking known as Web 2.0.<br />
<br />
<div style="color: white;">ALSO THE RESULT FOR:</div><div style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">who is father of internet | who invent internet | what is internet | when was internet started | who started internet first | who are the important internet developers | what was the first spam mail | when was internet launched | when was google, facebook, wikipedia, youtube, hotmail, twitter launched | which is the first started mail service | J.C.R.Licklider | father of internet J.C.R.Licklider | who is J.C.R.Licklider (1915 - 1990) | intergalastic network was introduced by J.C.R.Licklider | who is the founder of internet | history of the internet | mosaic for x | nasdaq | vint cerf, bob kahn named internet as internet | who named internet as internet |</span></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-49565633637650994422011-05-31T23:03:00.000+05:302011-05-31T23:03:09.557+05:30Best Alternatives to Google’s Adsense for the Website, Blogger Blog and Wordpress<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFy2LvB6MiMPELWvHiId8RFlejDF8zpgNu0W4J79QU6qS34Yj8SBQMmihUygrbK8ZZ8ZdZkS0NWAM4SnfqHJL1hxdexAAt8gz0zIzWevv-1T9OSAxdqZ_ZYVQYb7xYbq_Nn1Nh27kdiNo5/s1600/google-adsense+meansofmine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFy2LvB6MiMPELWvHiId8RFlejDF8zpgNu0W4J79QU6qS34Yj8SBQMmihUygrbK8ZZ8ZdZkS0NWAM4SnfqHJL1hxdexAAt8gz0zIzWevv-1T9OSAxdqZ_ZYVQYb7xYbq_Nn1Nh27kdiNo5/s320/google-adsense+meansofmine.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Google Adsense alternatives</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b> I saw many people get disappointed, when their blog was not accepted by the google adsense. It’s not only the best paying publishers there are many good alternatives for the google adsense. Some time google adsense team won’t accept even good quality website or blogspot blog or wordpress, it is because they are meeting several applications per-day. So don’t lose your confidence, Apply for next time. Still you are not get approved by the google adsense means try on the below alternatives.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><ol start="1" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">adagency1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">AdBrite</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Adknowledge</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">AdVolcano</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Amazon</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Auction Ads</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">AVN Ads</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Black Label Ads</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">BurstMedia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Chitika</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Claxon </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Clicksor</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">eBay</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">IncentaClick</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Kontera</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Mirago</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">MIVA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Oridian</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Oxado </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Real Media</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">RevenuePILOT</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Rydium</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Tribal Fusion</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">ValidClick</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">ValueClick Media</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">Vibrant Media SmartAds</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;">Yahoo Publisher Network </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>you can choose top 5 alternative publishers or </b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>top 10 alternative publishers from the above list.</b></span></div><div style="color: #eeeeee; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>ALSO THE RESULT FOR:</b></span></div><div style="color: white; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">publish ad in our blog and websites | earn online by publishing ads | putting ads in our blog and websites | google adsense alternatives | adsense alternatives pay per click | adsense alternatives pay per impression | adsense alternatives in india | adsense alternatives for blogger blog blogspot | adsense alternatives reviews fourm 2011, 2010, 2012 | best google adsense alternatives paypal | find adsense alternatives |</span></b></span></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-53708154475710162472011-05-31T22:40:00.000+05:302011-05-31T22:40:20.335+05:30Submit your site URL to Google, Yahoo, Bing if you can't find your site during web search<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span id="GenerallyOur">Generally the popular web crawlers like google,yahoo,bing can find most pages on the Internet. However if your site does not appear , you can submit your URL.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;"><a href="http://www.google.com/addurl/?continue=/addurl">Submit to Google</a></span></u></b></span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;"><u><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://siteexplorer.search.yahoo.com/submit">Submit to Yahoo</a></span></b></u></span><br />
<br />
<b><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://www.bing.com/webmaster/SubmitSitePage.aspx">Submit to Bing</a></span></span></u></b><br />
<div style="color: white;"><br />
</div><div style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">ALSO THE RESULT FOR:</span></div><div style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">submit url to search engines | submit url to google, yahoo, bing, ask, alexa, rediff, free | submit our website for free | add our website url to web directories | submit our website to the search engines, google, yahoo, bing, ask, to all search engines | </span></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-39458294325237458262011-05-29T10:39:00.001+05:302011-05-29T10:39:34.560+05:30How Google ranks a web page?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<i><span><span class="lettrine"><span class="lettrine_first">S</span>ince</span> a decade Google dominates the market for Internet search engines.</span> <span> Its strength is that it intelligently sorts its results by relevance.</span> <span> How is this possible?</span> <span> Since its inception in 1998, Google continues to evolve and most improvements remain closely guarded secrets.</span> <span> The main idea, by cons, has been published. the backbone of its success is a sound mathematical modeling that we track here.</span></i> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> What does a search engine?</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> A database has a predefined structure which allows to extract information, such as "name, street, postal code, phone, ...</span> <span> .</span> <span> The internet, cons, is unstructured: it is a huge collection of texts of various kinds.</span> <span>
(I am excluding here of different formats and media, as we return to
the search for good keywords.) A tentative classification is doomed to
failure, especially since the web is rapidly changing: a multitude of
authors Independent constantly adding new pages and modify existing
pages.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> To find information in this amorphous pile, the user can search by keywords.</span> <span>
This requires some preparation to be effective: the search engine first
copy the web pages one by one in local memory and sort the words
alphabetically.</span> <span> The result is a directory of keywords associated with their web pages.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> For a given keyword there are typically thousands of relevant pages (over a million for "tangent", for example).</span> <span> But some pages are more relevant than others.</span> <span> How to help users identify potentially interesting results?</span> <span> It is here that Google has made its great innovation.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> The web is a graph!</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Enjoy the little structure that is available.</span> <span> The internet is not a collection of independent texts, but a huge <i>hypertext</i> pages they refer to each other.</span> <span> To analyze this structure we will neglect the content pages and consider only links between them.</span> <span> What we get is the structure of a graph.</span> <span> The following figure shows an example in miniature.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div class="figure" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<img src="http://images.math.cnrs.fr/IMG/jpg/graphe-1.jpg" style="max-width: 300px;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span>Here the vertices represent web pages and the arrows represent the links, that is to say the citations between web pages.</span> <span> Each arrow points to the top issuer to the page cited.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span></span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span>In the following web pages I note with <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-39"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 8.654em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-40"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-41"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-42"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-43" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-44"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-45" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.16em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-46"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-47" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0032.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-48"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-49" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.16em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-50"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-51" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0033.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-52"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-53" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-54"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0064.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.004em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-55"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-56"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-57"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0073.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.048em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-58"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-59" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.16em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-60"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-61" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006E.png" style="height: 6px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 8px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.11em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.242em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> and write <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-62"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.923em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.422em, 1000em, 2.542em, -0.444em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-63"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-64"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006A.png" style="height: 18px; margin-left: -0.012em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-65"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-66"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-67"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-68"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.081em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.255em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-69"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 9.471em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.38em, 1000em, 2.633em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-70"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-71"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-72"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0066.png" style="height: 18px; margin-right: -0.058em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-73"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-74"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0068.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-75"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-76"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-77"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-78"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0067.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: -0.003em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-79"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-80"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0071.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: -0.013em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-81"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0075.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-82"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-83"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-84"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-85"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-86"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-87"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0067.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: -0.003em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-88"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-89"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-90"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-91" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006A.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.011em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -3px; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.255em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.373em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-92"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-93"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-94"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-95"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-96" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> In our graph we have a link <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-107"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.635em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-108"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-109"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-110"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-111"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-112"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.846em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 5, for example, but no link <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-113"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.635em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.367em, -0.386em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-114"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-115"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0035.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-116"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-117"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-118"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.86em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.028em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 1.</span> <span> However, in this first example, all pages communicate via paths to one or several steps.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> How to use this graph?</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> The links on the Internet are not random but have been carefully edited.</span> <span> What information can we give this graph?</span> <span> The basic idea, yet to be formalized, is a link <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-134"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.923em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.422em, 1000em, 2.542em, -0.444em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-135"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-136"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006A.png" style="height: 18px; margin-left: -0.012em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-137"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-138"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-139"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-140"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.081em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.255em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> is a recommendation of page P_j <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-141"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-142"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> to go and read the page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-143"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-144"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-145"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-146"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-147" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> Thus a vote of P_j <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-158"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-159"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> for the authority of the page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-160"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-161"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-162"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-163"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-164" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Analyze our example in this aspect.</span> <span> The following presentation of our graph suggests a possible hierarchy - even to justify.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div class="figure" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<img src="http://images.math.cnrs.fr/IMG/jpg/graphe-2.jpg" style="max-width: 400px;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span>Among the pages <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-187"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 9.327em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.543em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-188"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-189"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-190"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-191" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-192"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-193" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.16em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-194"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-195" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0032.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-196"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-197" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.16em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-198"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-199" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0033.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-200"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-201" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-202"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-203" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0034.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.028em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-204"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-205"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-206"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0072.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-207"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-208"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-209"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0067.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: -0.003em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-210"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.11em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.256em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> P_1 $ is a common reference and seems a good starting point to search for information.</span> <span> It is the same in the group <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-239"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 7.019em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-240"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-241"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.16em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-242"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-243" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0039.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.042em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-244"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-245" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.496em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-246"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-247"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-248"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-249" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0030.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.038em; width: 7px;" /></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-250"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-251" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.448em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-252"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-253"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-254"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-255" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-256"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-257" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.496em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-258"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-259"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-260"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-261" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0032.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 7px;" /></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.096em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.242em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> where <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-262"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.923em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.632em, 1000em, 2.543em, -0.47em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-263"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-264"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-265"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-266"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0067.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: -0.003em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-267"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.81em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.256em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> P_9 serves as a common reference.</span> <span> The structure of the group <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-290"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 6.154em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.402em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-291"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-292"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.347em, -0.402em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-293"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0044.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.023em; width: 16px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.844em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-294" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0035.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-295"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-296" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.16em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-297"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-298" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0036.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.042em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-299"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-300" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-301"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-302" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0037.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.014em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-303"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-304" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.16em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-305"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-306" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0038.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.096em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.242em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> is similar, where <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-307"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-308"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> P_7 is the most cited.</span> <span> Note however that the pages <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-324"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.106em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.496em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-325"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-326"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-327"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-328" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.049em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.195em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> and <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-329"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-330"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> P_9, already recognized as important, refer to page D_5 <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-331"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-332"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> One might well suspect that the page D_5 <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-338"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-339"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> contains essential information for all, it is most relevant.</span> <span> In the following we will try to formalize this classification.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> First model: naive counting</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> It is plausible that a page receives a lot of important links.</span> <span> With a little naive, we also believe the statement converse: if a page gets a lot of links, then it is important.</span> <span> Thus we could define the measure of importance <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-360"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.25em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-361"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-362"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.256em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-363"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-364" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.757em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> of <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-365"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-366"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-367"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-368"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-369" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> page number links as <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-370"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.923em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.422em, 1000em, 2.542em, -0.444em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-371"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-372"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006A.png" style="height: 18px; margin-left: -0.012em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-373"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-374"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-375"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-376"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.081em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.255em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> received <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-377"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-378"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-379"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-380"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-381" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> In this formula is written as follows:</span> </div>
<div class="mjlabel_top" id="eq_eq:SommeNaive" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-382"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-383"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> M_i: = \ sum_ {j \ to i} 1. <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-384"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-385"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span></span> <div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Here the sign <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-406"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 9.231em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.633em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-407"><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-408"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-409"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0064.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.004em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-410"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-411"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0073.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.048em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-412"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-413"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-414"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-415"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0079.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: -0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-416"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0073.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.048em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-417"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-418"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0079.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: -0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-419"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-420"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-421"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-422"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0073.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.048em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-423"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0075.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-424"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 2.41em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-425"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-426"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-427"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-428" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006A.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.011em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -3px; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-429" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.238em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-430" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0074.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-431" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006F.png" style="height: 6px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-432" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.241em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.373em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> denotes the sum over all links pointing to the page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-433"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-434"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-435"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-436"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-437" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>, and the words to sum all worth <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-438"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.481em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-439"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-440"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.832em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> That is, <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-454"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.25em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-455"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-456"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.256em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-457"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-458" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.757em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> is equal to the number of "votes" for the page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-459"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-460"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-461"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-462"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-463" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>, where every vote contributes the same value <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-464"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.481em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-465"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-466"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.832em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> It's easy to define and calculate, but often does not meet the importance felt by the user: in our example there are <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-489"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 5.048em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.511em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-490"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-491"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-492"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-493" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-494" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-495" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.352em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-496"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-497" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0039.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.042em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-498" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.767em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.214em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 4 to <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-499"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 4.471em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.511em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-500"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-501"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.352em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-502"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-503" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0035.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-504"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-505"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-506" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0037.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.014em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-507" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.767em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.214em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 3.</span> <span> What is worse, this naive counting is too easily manipulated by adding pages without interest recommending any page.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Second model: weighted metering</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Some pages emit a lot of links: they appear to be less specific and their weight is lower.</span> <span> We therefore share the vote of the page P_j <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-523"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-524"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> in <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-525"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.288em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-526"><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-527"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> ell_j equally, where <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-528"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.875em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.633em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-529"><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-530"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-531"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-532"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-533"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.823em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.396em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-534"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.412em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-535" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006A.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.011em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -3px; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.241em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.373em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> denotes the number of bonds issued.</span> <span> Thus we could define a finer measurement:</span> </div>
<div class="mjlabel_top" id="eq_eq:SommePonderee" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span><br /> </span> </div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-536"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-537"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> M_i: = \ sum_ {j \ to i} \ frac {1} {\} ell_j. <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-538"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-539"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span></span> <div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> That is, <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-550"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.25em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-551"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-552"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.256em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-553"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-554" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.757em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> count the number of "weighted votes" for the page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-555"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-556"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-557"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-558"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-559" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> It's easy to define and calculate, but still does not match well with the perceived importance: in our example there are <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-589"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 5.048em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.511em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-590"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-591"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-592"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-593" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-594" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-595" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.352em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-596"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-597" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0039.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.042em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-598" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.767em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.214em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 2 to <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-599"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 5.769em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.38em, 1000em, 2.543em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-600"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-601"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.352em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-602"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-603" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0035.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-604" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-605" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-606"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0066.png" style="height: 18px; margin-right: -0.058em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-607"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0072.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-608"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-609"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-610"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-611"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-612"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0033.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 9px;" /></span></span></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-613"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-614"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-615"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0032.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 9px;" /></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.137em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.256em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> and <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-616"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 5.769em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.38em, 1000em, 2.543em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-617"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-618"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-619"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-620" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0037.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.014em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-621" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-622" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-623"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0066.png" style="height: 18px; margin-right: -0.058em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-624"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0072.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-625"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-626"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-627"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-628"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-629"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0034.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.028em; width: 10px;" /></span></span></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-630"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-631"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-632"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0033.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 9px;" /></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.137em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.256em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> And as before the count is too easy to fake.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Third model: Recursive counting</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Heuristically, one page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-638"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-639"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-640"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-641"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-642" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> seems important if many important pages of the quote.</span> <span> This leads us to define the extent of <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-648"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.25em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-649"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-650"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.256em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-651"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-652" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.757em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> recursively as follows:</span> </div>
<div class="mjlabel_top" id="eq_eq:EquilibreLineaire" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span><br /> </span> </div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-653"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-654"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> M_i = \ sum_ {j \ to i} \ frac {1} {m_j} ell_j. <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-655"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-656"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span></span> <div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Here the voting weight <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-667"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.923em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.422em, 1000em, 2.542em, -0.444em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-668"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-669"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006A.png" style="height: 18px; margin-left: -0.012em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-670"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-671"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-672"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-673"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.081em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.255em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> is proportional to the weight of <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-674"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.298em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.633em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-675"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-676"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-677"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-678" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006A.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.011em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -3px; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.926em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.373em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> page issuer.</span> <span> It's easy to make but less obvious to calculate ...</span> <span> An efficient method will be explained later [ <a class="spip_note" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&langpair=fr%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.co.in&twu=1&u=http://images.math.cnrs.fr/Comment-Google-classe-les-pages.html&usg=ALkJrhi8m-9W9b4c-EBPWRd039e0zPqrQQ#nb3" id="nh3" rel="footnote" title="After a first reflection equation (eq: EquilibreLineaire) seems (...)">3</a> ].</span> <span> To reassure you can already see that our example does admit the solution <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-679"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-680"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>
\ begin {matrix} & & & P_1 & P_2 & P_3 P_4 &
& & D_5 P_6 P_7 & & & P_8 P_9 & P_ {10} & P_
{11 } & P_ {12} & \ \ m & = & (& 2 & 1, &
1, & 1, & 3, & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1, & 1,
& 1 & ).</span> <span> \ End {matrix} <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-681"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-682"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> Unlike previous models, the page D_5 <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-683"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-684"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> is identified as the most important.</span> <span> It's a good sign we're on the right track.</span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span><span style="color: #cc0000;">Note </span>that is a system of n linear equations with <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-691"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.577em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-692"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-693"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006E.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 12px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> unknowns.</span> <span> In our example, where <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-699"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.635em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-700"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-701"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006E.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 12px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-702" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 12, it is already difficult to solve by hand, but still easy on the computer.</span> <span> For much larger graphs we need specialized methods.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Random walk on the canvas</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Before attempting to solve the equation, trying to develop an intuition.</span> <span> For this let us imagine a random surfer who wanders on the Internet by clicking on links at random.</span> <span> How is his position?</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> For example, suppose that our rider starts at time <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-713"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 2.163em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.367em, -0.414em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-714"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-715"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-716" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-717" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0030.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.038em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.86em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.028em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> on page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-718"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-719"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> P_7.</span> <span> The only link to D_5 <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-733"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-734"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>, so at time <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-735"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.442em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.456em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.414em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-736"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-737"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-738" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.796em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 1 surfer found there with probability <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-739"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.481em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-740"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-741"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.832em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> By leaving three links, then at time <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-767"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.442em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.456em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.414em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-768"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-769"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-770" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.796em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 2 it is one of the pages P_6 <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-771"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-772"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-773"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.106em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.511em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-774"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-775"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-776"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-777" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0037.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.014em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.068em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.214em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-778"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-779"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> P_8 with probability <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-780"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 3.125em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.38em, 1000em, 2.543em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-781"><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-782"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-783"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0066.png" style="height: 18px; margin-right: -0.058em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-784"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0072.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-785"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-786"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-787"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-788"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-789"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span></span></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-790"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-791"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-792"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0033.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 9px;" /></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.137em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.256em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> Here are the following probabilities (rounded to <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1205"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 2.019em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.243em, 1000em, 2.367em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1206"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1207"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 2.025em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.367em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1208"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0030.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.038em; width: 9px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 1.037em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-1209"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1210"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1211" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/2212.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.08em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1212" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0033.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 7px;" /></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.087em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.028em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> near) <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1213"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1214"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>
\ </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span>begin {matrix} & P_1 & P_2 & P_3 P_4 & & &
D_5 P_6 P_7 & & & P_8 P_9 & P_ {10} & P_ { 11} &
P_ {12} \ \ t = 0 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 &
.000 & .000 & 1.00 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000
& .000 \ \ t = 1 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 &
1.00 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000
& .000 \ \ t = 2 & & .000 & .000. 000 & .000 &
.000 & .333 & .333 & .333 & .000 & .000 & .000
& .000 \ \ t = 3 & .167 & .000 & .000 & .000 &
.333 &. 000 & .333 & .000 & .167 & .000 & .000
& .000 \ \ t = 4 & .000 & .042 & .042 & .042 &
.417 & .111 & .111 & .111 &. 000 & .042 & .042
& .042 \ \ t = 5 & .118 & .021 & .021 & .021 &
.111 & .139 & .250 & .139 & .118 & .021 & .021
&. 021 \ \ \ dots \ \ t = 29 & & .059 & .117 .059 &
.059 & .177 & .059 & .117 & .059 & .117 & .059
& .059 & .059 \ \ t = 30 & .117 & .059 & .059 &
.059 & .177 & .059 & .117 & .059 & .117 & .059
& .059 & .059 \ end {matrix} <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1215"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1216"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span></span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> There is a distribution which converges quickly to a stationary distribution (at <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1225"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 2.019em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.243em, 1000em, 2.367em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1226"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1227"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 2.025em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.367em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1228"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0030.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.038em; width: 9px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 1.037em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-1229"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1230"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1231" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/2212.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.08em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1232" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0033.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 7px;" /></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.087em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.028em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> near the end of a thirty iterations).</span> <span> Test this observation by a second example, this time from the page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1640"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.106em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.496em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1641"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1642"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1643"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1644" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.049em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.195em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>: <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1645"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1646"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>
\ begin {matrix} & P_1 & P_2 & P_3 P_4 & & &
D_5 P_6 P_7 & & & P_8 P_9 & P_ {10} & P_ {11} &
P_ {12} \ \ t = 0 & 1.00 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000
& .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 &
.000 \ \ t = 1 & .000 & .250 & .250 & .250 & .250
& .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 &
.000 \ \ & t = 2 & .375 .125 & .125 & .125 & .000
& .083 & .083 & .083 & .000 & .000 & .000 &
.000 \ \ t = 3 & .229 & .156 & .156 & .156 & .177
& .000 & .083 & .000 & .042 & .000 & .000 &
.000 \ \ t = 4 & .234 & .135 & .135 & .135 & .151
& .059 & .059 & .059 & .000 & .010 & .010 &
.010 \ \ t = 5 & .233 & .126 & .126 & .126 & .118
& .050 & .109 & .050 & .045 & .005 & .005 &
.005 \ \ \ dots \ \ t = 69 & .117 & .059 & .059 & .059
& .177 & .059 & .117 & .059 & .117 & .059 &
.059 & .059 \ \ t = 70 & .117 & .059 & .059 & .059
& .177 & .059 & .117 & .059 & .117 & .059 &
.059 & .059 \ end {matrix} </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span><span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1647"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1648"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span></span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span>Although dissemination take more time to stabilize, the stationary measure is the same!</span> <span> It also coincides with our solution <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1684"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 14.087em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.336em, 1000em, 2.587em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1685"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1686"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1687" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1688" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0028.png" style="height: 21px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: -5px; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1689"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0032.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1690"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1691" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1692"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1693" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1694"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1695" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1696"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1697" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0033.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1698"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1699" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1700"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1701" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0032.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1702"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1703" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1704"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1705" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0032.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1706"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1707" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1708"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1709" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1710"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1711" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1712"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0029.png" style="height: 21px; margin-right: 0.091em; vertical-align: -5px; width: 6px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.252em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.314em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>, here divided by <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1713"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 10.433em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.367em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1714"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1715"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0037.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.014em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1716"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1717"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1718"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006E.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 12px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1719"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1720"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0072.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1721"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1722"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1723"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1724"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1725"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/007A.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: -0.003em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1726"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1727"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1728"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0068.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1729"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1730"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0073.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.048em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1731"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0075.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1732"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1733"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1734"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.895em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.028em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 1 USD .</span> <span> The pages where <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1740"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.25em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1741"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1742"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.256em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1743"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1744" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.757em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> is large are the most "popular" or most "popular".</span> <span> In the quest to rank web pages in order of importance is even an argument for using the measure <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1748"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.817em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1749"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1750"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> as an indicator.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span>
The model of the random surfer may seem surprising, but in the absence
of more precise information, the use of probabilistic considerations is
often very helpful!</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> The Transition Act</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> How to formalize the distribution shown above?</span> <span> Suppose that at time <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1764"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.385em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.456em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.414em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1765"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1766"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.796em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> our random surfer is on page P_j <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1767"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1768"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> with probability <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1769"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.962em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.705em, -0.47em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1770"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1771"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.967em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.47em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1772"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.556em; position: absolute; top: -1.98em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1773" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006A.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.011em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -3px; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.019em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.467em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> The probability of P_j from <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1794"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1795"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> and follow the link <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1796"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.923em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.422em, 1000em, 2.542em, -0.444em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1797"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1798"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006A.png" style="height: 18px; margin-left: -0.012em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-1799"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1800"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1801"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1802"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.081em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.255em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> then <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1803"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 5.529em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.38em, 1000em, 2.705em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1804"><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-1805"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1806"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0066.png" style="height: 18px; margin-right: -0.058em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1807"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0072.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1808"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1809"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-1810"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1811"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1812"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span></span></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-1813"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1814"><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-1815"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1816"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1817"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1818"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.823em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.396em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1819"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.412em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1820" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006A.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.011em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -3px; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1821"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.967em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.47em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1822"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.556em; position: absolute; top: -1.98em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1823" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006A.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.011em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -3px; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.348em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.467em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> The probability of arriving at a time <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1834"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.385em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.456em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.414em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1835"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1836"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.796em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> on <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1837"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1838"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1839"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1840"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1841" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> page is</span> </div>
<div class="mjlabel_top" id="eq_eq:TransitionLineaire" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> P'_i <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1842"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1843"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>: = \ sum_ {j \ to i} \ frac {1} {\} p_j ell_j. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1844"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"></span><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1845"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span></span> <br />
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Given the initial distribution <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1859"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.481em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.47em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1860"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1861"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.795em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.242em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>, the transition law<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&langpair=fr%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.co.in&twu=1&u=http://images.math.cnrs.fr/Comment-Google-classe-les-pages.html&usg=ALkJrhi8m-9W9b4c-EBPWRd039e0zPqrQQ#eq_eq:TransitionLineaire"></a> defines the following distribution <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1862"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 3.99em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.318em, 1000em, 2.587em, -0.47em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1863"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1864"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.823em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.47em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1865"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.556em; position: absolute; top: -2.565em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1866" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/2032.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.012em; vertical-align: 1px; width: 4px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1867" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1868" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0054.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.116em; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1869"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0028.png" style="height: 21px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: -5px; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1870"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1871"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0029.png" style="height: 21px; margin-right: 0.091em; vertical-align: -5px; width: 6px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.276em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.314em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> Thus we get a line <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1880"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.385em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.456em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.414em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1881"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1882"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.796em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> from <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1883"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.385em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.456em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.414em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1884"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1885"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.796em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> line in our examples.</span> <span> (In probability theory this is called a <i>Markov chain.)</i> The stationary measure is characterized by the equilibrium equation <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1894"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 4.327em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.336em, 1000em, 2.587em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1895"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1896"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1897" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1898" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0054.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.116em; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1899"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0028.png" style="height: 21px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: -5px; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1900"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1901"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0029.png" style="height: 21px; margin-right: 0.091em; vertical-align: -5px; width: 6px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.252em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.314em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>, which is precisely our equation departure.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Watch out for black holes</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> What happens there when our graph contains a page (or group of pages) without end?</span> <span> For illustration, here is our graph plus a new page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1909"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.49em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.512em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1910"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1911"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.496em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1912"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-1913"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1914"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1915" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0033.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 7px;" /></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.069em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.215em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> without end:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div class="figure" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<img src="http://images.math.cnrs.fr/IMG/jpg/graphe-3.jpg" style="max-width: 400px;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span>The interpretation as a random walk solves the equation without any calculation: page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1923"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.49em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.512em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1924"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-1925"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.496em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1926"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-1927"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1928"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1929" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0033.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.041em; width: 7px;" /></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.069em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.215em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> absorbs all likelihood because our random surfer will fall sooner or later on this page, where it remains for rest of his life.</span> <span> So the solution is <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1930"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1931"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>
\ begin {matrix} & & & P_1 & P_2 & P_3 P_4 &
& & D_5 P_6 P_7 & & & P_8 P_9 & P_ {10} & P_
{11} & P_ {12} & P_ {13 } & \ \ m & = & (& 0,
& 0, & 0, & 0, & 0, & 0, & 0, & 0, & 0,
& 0, & 0, & 0, & 1 &).</span> <span> \ End {matrix} <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1932"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1933"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> Our model is not yet satisfactory.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> The model used by Google PageRank</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> To escape the black hole, Google uses a more refined model:</span> </div>
<ul class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<li> <span> with a fixed probability <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1945"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.433em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.4em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1946"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1947"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> surfer abandons its current page P_j <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1948"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1949"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> and again on the <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1950"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.577em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1951"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1952"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006E.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 12px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> web pages, chosen so equiprobable;</span> </li>
<li> <span> Otherwise, with probability <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1963"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 2.115em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1964"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-1965"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-1966" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/2212.png" style="height: 2px; margin-right: 0.081em; vertical-align: 4px; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1967" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.846em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>, the surfer follows a link from page P_j <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1968"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1969"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>, chosen so as equiprobable.</span> <span> (This is the usual random walk).</span> </li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span>
This trick of "teleportation" avoids being trapped by a page without
issue, and guaranteed to arrive anywhere in the graph regardless of
connectivity issues.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> In this model the transition is given by</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> P'_i <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1970"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1971"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>: = \ frac {c} {n} + \ sum_ {j \ to i} \ frac {1-c} {\} p_j ell_j. <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1972"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1973"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> The first term <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1974"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 3.173em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.38em, 1000em, 2.543em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1975"><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-1976"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1977"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0066.png" style="height: 18px; margin-right: -0.058em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1978"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0072.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1979"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1980"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-1981"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1982"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1983"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span></span></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-1984"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1985"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1986"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006E.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 12px;" /></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.137em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.256em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> comes from the teleportation, the second term is the random walk before. The balance measure thus satisfies the equation</span> <div class="mjlabel_top" id="eq_eq:EquilibreAffine" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span><br /> </span> </div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1987"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1988"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> M_i = \ frac {c} {n} + \ sum_ {j \ to i} \ frac {1-c} {m_j} ell_j. <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1989"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1990"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span></span> <div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> The parameter <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1994"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.433em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.4em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-1995"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-1996"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> is still to be calibrated.</span> <span> For <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2002"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 2.26em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.367em, -0.4em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2003"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2004"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2005" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2006" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0030.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.038em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.86em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.028em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> we get the previous mode.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span><span></span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span>In general, choose the constant <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2043"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.433em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.4em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2044"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2045"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> non-zero but close to zero.</span> <span> For example, the choice <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2054"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.49em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.4em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2055"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2056"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2057" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 0.15 is about $ 6 U.S. dollars follow links on average, which seems a realistic description.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> To conclude the analysis of our example, here is the random walk starting from the page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2498"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.106em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.496em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2499"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2500"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2501"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2502" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.049em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.195em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>: <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2503"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2504"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>
\ begin {matrix} & P_1 & P_2 & P_3 & P_4 D_5 &
& & P_6 P_7 P_8 & & & P_ {10 P_9 } & P_ {11}
& P_ {12} \ \ t = 0 & 1.00 & .000 & .000 & .000
& .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 & .000 &
.000 &. 000 \ \ t = 1 & .013 & .225 & .225 & .225
& .225 & .013 & .013 & .013 & .013 & .013 &
.013 & .013 \ \ .305 & t = 2 & .111 & .111 & .111
& .028 & .076 & .087 & .076 & .034 & .020 &
.020 & .020 \ \ t = 3 & .186 & .124 & .124 & .124
& .158 & .021 & .085 & .021 & .071 & .028 &
.028 & .028 \ \ t = 4 & .180 & .105 & .105 & .105
& .140 & .057 & .075 & .057 & .057 & .040 &
.040 & .040 \ \ t = 5 & .171 & .095 & .095 & .095
& .126 & .052 & .101 & .052 & .087 & .042 &
.042 & .042 \ \ \ dots \ \ t = 29 & .120 & .066 & .066
& .066 & .150 & .055 & .102 & .055 & .120 &
.066 & .066 &. 066 \ \ t = 30 & .120 & .066 & .066
& .066 & .150 & .055 & .102 & .055 & .120 &
.066 & .066 & .066 \ end {matrix} <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2505"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2506"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> The stationary measure is quickly reached, and the page <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2507"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 5.529em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.511em, -0.402em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2508"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2509"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.347em, -0.402em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2510"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0044.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.023em; width: 16px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.844em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2511" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0035.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.049em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2512"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2513"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2514"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2515"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0064.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.004em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2516"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0073.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.048em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2517"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0077.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.025em; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2518"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2519"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2520"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0068.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 11px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.082em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.214em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2521"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2522"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> before = 0.15 m_5 pages <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2523"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.106em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.496em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2524"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2525"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.112em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2526"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2527" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.049em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.195em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> and <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2528"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2529"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> with <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2530"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 5.625em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.511em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2531"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2532"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2533"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2534" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2535"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.16em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2536"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2537" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0039.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.042em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2538"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.352em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2539"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2540" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0039.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.042em; width: 7px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2541" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.068em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.214em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 0.12.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> The fixed point theorem</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> To develop a promising model we used heuristic arguments and experimental designs.</span> <span> Now fix this model and ask it on a solid theoretical foundation.</span> <span> Our calculations result in fact in our example miniature, but is this always the case?</span> <span> The following beautiful result answers in full generality:</span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> <strong> </strong></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span><strong>Fixed point theorem.</strong> - <i>Consider a finite graph and fix any parameter <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2552"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.433em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.4em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2553"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2554"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> such that <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2555"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 3.798em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.385em, -0.395em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2556"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2557"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0030.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.038em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2558" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003C.png" style="height: 12px; margin-right: 0.081em; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2559" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-2560"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2561"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2562"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0065.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.036em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2563"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.917em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.05em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</i></span> <span> <i>Then:</i></span> </div>
<ul class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<li> <span> Equation admits a unique solution that <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2577"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 8.317em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2578"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2579"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2580"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2581" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2582" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002B.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: -2px; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-2583" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2584"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0064.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.004em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2585"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2586"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2587"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0073.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.048em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2588" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002B.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: -2px; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2589" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.448em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.4em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.399em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2590"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/004D.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.078em; width: 21px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.988em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2591" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006E.png" style="height: 6px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 8px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2592" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/003D.png" style="height: 5px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: 3px; width: 15px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.072em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> 1.</span> <span> In this solution <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2604"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 5.865em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.39em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2605"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2606"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.304em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2607"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.892em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2608" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/0031.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.069em; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2609"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-2610" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2611"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0064.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.004em; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2612"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2613"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2614"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0073.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.048em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2615"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/002C.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.065em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 5px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2616" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.448em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.4em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.399em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2617"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/004D.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.078em; width: 21px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.988em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2618" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006E.png" style="height: 6px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 8px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.11em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.242em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> are strictly positive.</span> </li>
<li> <span> For any initial probability distribution on the graph, the diffusion process converges to the unique stationary measure <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2622"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.817em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2623"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2624"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.566em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> </li>
<li> <span> Convergence is at least as fast as that of the geometric <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2639"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 3.462em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.312em, 1000em, 2.587em, -0.342em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2640"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2641"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0028.png" style="height: 21px; margin-right: 0.054em; vertical-align: -5px; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2642"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2643" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/2212.png" style="height: 2px; margin-right: 0.081em; vertical-align: 4px; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2644" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-2645"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2646"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2647"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.919em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.337em, 1000em, 2.587em, -0.38em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2648"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0029.png" style="height: 21px; margin-right: 0.091em; vertical-align: -5px; width: 6px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.46em; position: absolute; top: -2.65em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2649" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/006E.png" style="height: 6px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 8px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.283em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.314em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> to $ 0.</span> </li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Emphasize the importance of each of these three points.</span> <span> The first simply ensures the existence and uniqueness of a solution to our problem.</span> <span> Better yet, a solution not only exists but the second point tells us how to calculate: an iterative algorithm.</span> <span>
Here the independence of the concept ensures a certain numerical
stability: the calculations with point numbers, rounding errors are
often unavoidable, but fortunately by such disturbances do not affect
the final result.</span> <span> Finally, the third point guarantees that the convergence rate is high enough, which is crucial for any application size.</span> <span> For its Google ranking processes several billion web pages.</span> <span>
This Herculean task is only possible with the iterative algorithm, and
the theorem guarantees its effectiveness regardless of the graph.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> This theorem is as elegant and useful.</span> <span> The idea of proof is surprisingly simple: we show that the transition law <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&langpair=fr%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.co.in&twu=1&u=http://images.math.cnrs.fr/Comment-Google-classe-les-pages.html&usg=ALkJrhi8m-9W9b4c-EBPWRd039e0zPqrQQ#eq_eq:TransitionAffine"></a>defines a map <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2664"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 7.981em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.318em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.412em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2665"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2666"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0054.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.116em; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-2667"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2668"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2669"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2670"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006C.png" style="height: 15px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 6px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2671"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2672"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006E.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.019em; width: 12px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2673"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-2674"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2675"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006D.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.02em; width: 17px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2676"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0061.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.022em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2677"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2678"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0073.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.048em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2679"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2680"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2681"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0.823em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.633em, 1000em, 2.533em, -0.47em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2682"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0070.png" style="height: 13px; margin-left: -0.037em; margin-right: 0.006em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 11px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.556em; position: absolute; top: -2.565em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2683" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/100/2032.png" style="height: 7px; margin-right: 0.012em; vertical-align: 1px; width: 4px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.204em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.242em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> is contracting over <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2684"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 2.115em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.417em, 1000em, 2.357em, -0.353em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2685"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-2686"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/0031.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.07em; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-2687" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/2212.png" style="height: 2px; margin-right: 0.081em; vertical-align: 4px; width: 14px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2688" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0063.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.004em; width: 9px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.846em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.014em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</span> <span> The result thus follows from the fixed point theorem of Banach.</span> </div>
<h3 class="spip" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Conclusion</span> </h3>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> To be useful, a search engine should not only list the results of a query, but rank them in order of importance.</span> <span> However, estimating the relevance of web pages is a profound challenge to modeling.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> As a first approximation Google scans the graph formed by links between web pages.</span> <span> Interpreting a link <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2704"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.923em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.422em, 1000em, 2.542em, -0.444em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2705"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2706"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006A.png" style="height: 18px; margin-left: -0.012em; margin-right: 0.009em; vertical-align: -4px; width: 9px;" /></span><span class="mtext" id="MathJax-Span-2707"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/141/00A0.png" style="height: 1px; margin-right: 0.24em; width: 1px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2708"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0074.png" style="height: 13px; margin-right: 0.03em; width: 7px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2709"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/006F.png" style="height: 9px; margin-right: 0.009em; width: 10px;" /></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2710"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0069.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 6px;" /></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.081em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.255em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> as "voting" on page P_j <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2711"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 0em;"><span style="clip: rect(2.058em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.433em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2712"></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> for <span class="MathJax" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-2713"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 130%; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.058em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.504em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2714"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-2715"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0pt; position: relative; width: 1.063em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.401em, 1000em, 2.346em, -0.401em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.202em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2716"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/141/0050.png" style="height: 14px; margin-right: -0.105em; width: 15px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.7em; position: absolute; top: -2.052em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-2717" style="font-size: 70.7%;"><img src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Math/Italic/100/0069.png" style="height: 10px; margin-right: 0.04em; width: 5px;" /></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.202em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.058em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.205em; width: 0pt;"></span></span></nobr></span> page, the PageRank model defines a measure of "popularity."</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> The fixed point theorem ensures that this equation admits a unique solution, and justifies the iterative algorithm to approach.</span> <span> It is easy to implement on a computer and quite effective for graphs of size.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span> </div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span> Armed with these mathematical tools and a clever business strategy, Google makes billions of dollars.</span> <span> He had to think!</span> </div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-26149318415162110612011-05-29T09:33:00.001+05:302011-05-29T09:34:28.027+05:30How the pages are designed in Google? [Designer details]<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Despite <b>the apparent simplicity and austerity of design of the Google page,</b> behind it is much more work than in an intricate arabesque Gothic. And, as I desvelaré then Googeplex, Google headquarters in Silicon Valley, never leave anything to chance.<br />
<br />
All elements of the pages of Google have been chosen and subjected to
endless tests and statistical scrutiny and even psychological, as <b>Nicholas Carr</b> says:<br />
<br />
Using a technique called "split A / B testing, Google continuously
introduced small permutations in the visibility and operation of its
websites, shows different combinations of different user groups and
compare how changes affect the behavior of users: time spent on a page,
how to move the cursor around the screen, what they click, do not click
with the mouse, where they go next, and so on.<br />
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
The design of Google, then, is not so much by the aesthetics and functionality. And that design is born of thousands of testing and recalibration to occur very quickly. Google also recruits volunteers to make <b>follow-up tests of eye movements</b> and other psychological studies in its "usability lab." The eye-tracking is a way to read the mind of the user. <br />
According to <b>Irene Au,</b>
director of user experience within the company, Google is based on
"cognitive psychology research" to promote its goal of "making people
use their computers more efficiently."<br />
<br />
In a famous essay, the company tested forty-one different blue tones in your toolbar to see what tone pulsing on most visitors. Were carried out rigorous experiments similar to the text to put on their pages.<br />
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
Even though the brands remain unchanged logo to create strong effect, Google is becoming ever more innovative brand value with <b>the change on its own logo.</b> Daily.<br />
<br />
A modification in adapting to events and important dates giving an artistic touch to it. It's called <b>Google Doodle.</b><br />
<b> </b> <br />
Universal logo was designed by <b>Ruth Kedar,</b> but later began to include variations. The first Google Doodle which appeared on the front page of the search engine was Burning Man on August 30, 1998. Subsequent Google logos were designed by graphic designer <b>Dennis Hwang,</b> who was hired by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, to design a logo that represents the Bastille Day.<br />
<br />
Google organizes competitions for students in which each must create its own logo on a topic chosen by Google. The winner is entitled to travel to the Googleplex and the inclusion of your logo on the front page of Google for a day.<br />
<br />
<b><a href="http://www.google.com/doodle4google/vote.html">Here</a> is the sample.</b> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-80915417660347560542011-05-28T22:36:00.000+05:302011-05-28T22:36:08.287+05:30Introduction to search engine<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div id="main-content" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<h1>
<span> How does a search engine work?</span> </h1>
<span></span> <span> Basically, the search engines (search engines, <em><strong>SE)</strong></em> are huge databases containing information on the content of websites that integrate the web. </span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<div class="top_ad">
<span>The most popular search engine, Google, contains more than 3,000,000,000 websites .</span> <span>
When you enter a phrase or word, the engine will search its database
and return results in an order that is determined by its own algorithm.</span></div>
<br />
<span> So, how do they get to start all this information?</span> <br />
<h3>
<span> Spiders (spiders)</span> </h3>
<span> Search engines use spiders used to collect information from web sites .</span> <span> Spiders crawl the websites to collect data and follow the links on the pages.</span> <span> The spiders crawl the Internet almost continuously collecting new and updated pages of the Web to keep their results a day.</span> <br />
<h3>
<span> Data Processing</span> </h3>
<span> The data extracted spiders are treated differently by the various search engines.</span> <span> Search engines put the 'weight' in different parts of a website and how it fits into the Web .</span> <span> In this way determine the order in which web sites should appear in search results (the pages that contain the search results are commonly called <em><strong>SERPs</strong></em> - search engine result pages).</span> <br />
<h3>
<span> Entering</span> </h3>
<span> Most search engines update their databases at least once a month with information gathered by their spiders.</span> <span> This is important to know when you have a website relatively new - if you put your website for the first time in the network
at the end of a 'screen' and the spiders will not find it, you'll have
to wait until the next update to joining of the database.</span> <span> Once the web site goes into the database will still take one or two more updates before the new Web site is stabilized in the search results.</span> </div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-16230600194158248912011-05-26T20:53:00.000+05:302011-05-26T20:53:33.361+05:30Winamp 1.0 for Android mobile phones [Description/Download/Screenshot/Tutorial]<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Winamp 1.0 pour Android" class="size-full aligncenter" height="200" src="http://www.korben.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/wallpaper-659886.jpg" style="border: 1px solid black;" title="Winamp 1.0 for Android" width="650" /></div>
<span> </span><br />
<span>The application on the day Android is <strong>Winamp!</strong></span> <span> I remember leaving the audio player at the time on PC and I was a big fan.</span> <span> And then I just tested version 1.0 for <strong>Android,</strong> and I must say I am rather amazed.</span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<div align="center">
<img alt="screenshot 39 Winamp 1.0 pour Android" class="aligncenter" height="800" src="http://pictures.korben.info/2011/03/screenshot_39.png" title="screenshot_39" width="480" /> </div>
<span> </span><br />
<span>Winamp offers as all such applications, a possibility of navigation by
artist, album, song and genre in which the MP3s are in your phone.</span> <span> You can of course make your own playlist and Winamp has a search engine to find your songs.</span> <span> Something fun with this search engine is that you can either type your keyword or pronounce it aloud.</span> <span> Winamp then activates the voice recognition and you sort the pieces that match.</span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<div align="center">
<img alt="screenshot 45 Winamp 1.0 pour Android" class="aligncenter" height="800" src="http://pictures.korben.info/2011/03/screenshot_45.png" title="screenshot_45" width="480" /> </div>
<span> </span><br />
<span>Widgets are also on hand to manage its plays promptly.</span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<div align="center">
<img alt="screenshot 48 Winamp 1.0 pour Android" class="aligncenter" height="800" src="http://pictures.korben.info/2011/03/screenshot_48.png" title="screenshot_48" width="480" /> </div>
<span> </span><br />
<span>Well, that's for the traditional side of the application.</span> <span> Another interesting thing is reading the shoutcast radio.</span> <span> Winamp offers everything its catalog of radio and you can browse / search within to find one that suits your musical tastes.</span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<div align="center">
<img alt="screenshot 44 Winamp 1.0 pour Android" class="aligncenter" height="800" src="http://pictures.korben.info/2011/03/screenshot_44.png" title="screenshot_44" width="480" /></div>
<span> </span><br />
<span>Winamp but goes further and offers a selection of MP3s to listen to free streaming and download!</span> <span> What do you enjoy the ears.</span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<div align="center">
<img alt="screenshot 41 Winamp 1.0 pour Android" class="aligncenter" height="800" src="http://pictures.korben.info/2011/03/screenshot_41.png" title="screenshot_41" width="480" /></div>
<div align="center">
<img alt="screenshot 37 Winamp 1.0 pour Android" class="aligncenter" height="800" src="http://pictures.korben.info/2011/03/screenshot_37.png" title="screenshot_37" width="480" /> </div>
<br />
<span>At the interface level, I expected something ugly and slow and ultimately, good surprise, and it rocks pretty!</span> <span> A final nice touch is the wireless sync!</span> <span> In fact, if you already have Winamp on your computer, this application lets you synchronize your music library over the air.</span> <span> Top marmoset</span><br />
<img alt="icon smile Winamp 1.0 pour Android" class="wp-smiley" src="http://www.korben.info/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif" title="Winamp 1.0 for Android" /><br />
<span> <b></b></span><b><span>Winamp for Android is available <a href="http://www.winamp.com/android" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></b> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-82703994180503942372011-05-26T20:35:00.000+05:302011-05-26T20:35:17.385+05:30Top 10 Free Android Applications to Get Started with New Device<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span><b>On the Android Market, the equivalent of the App Store for iOS Apple Store Google offers more than 100 000 applications.</b></span> <span> <b>Despite
an effort on presentation, organization of classes and the presence of
comments, it is particularly difficult for beginners to navigate the
maze of options and even fewer identify real cheap.</b></span> <span> <b>For your convenience, the writing you to discover 10 free applications to get started on Android!</b></span></i> <br /><br /> <span>
Through this educational kit, you'll find everything you need to play
your videos directly, satisfy your appetite for reading, connect with
your contacts using VoIP, protect your data and secure your phone,
quickly take control of Android, uninstall easily batch your software,
manage the nocturnal behavior of your phone, fine-grained applications
in the background, saving energy, quickly download new software, but
also turn your smartphone into a flashlight.</span> <span> Test them, adopt them, you will surely find your happiness!</span> <br /><br /> <span>
We selected only free applications that we have found most useful,
ergonomic, efficient and practical while remaining accessible to the
general public.</span> <span>
Ultimately, our goal is primarily to make life easier for beginners to
the general public, replacing some functions too difficult to access and
minimizing the "hacks".</span> <span>
To download the software offered in this article, you will find the QR
Code as well as direct links to the Android Market through the pages for
each software in the repository Clubic.</span> <span>
Pending the next record to come on Android, writing invites you to
share your discoveries in the comments, taking care to remain as
objective and constructive as possible.</span> <br /></div>
<h1 class="editorial" style="text-align: justify;">
<span> <span style="color: #0b5394;">1.Excellent player with plenty of free books and French!</span></span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial" style="text-align: justify;">
<span> <span style="color: #e69138;">Aldiko eBook Reader for Android!</span></span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Aldiko eBook Reader Android Logo Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0000006403412570-photo-aldiko-ebook-reader-android-logo-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<span>
If you have the habit of reading a good book for you to escape in
transit, on a break at work, at home or on vacation, your phone Android
naturally prevail as the companion of your literary excursions.</span> <span>
Just as the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch, Androphones compete with
traditional reading lights such as the Amazon Kindle or the Sony Ebook
Reader.</span> <span> In the Android Market, there are indeed many applications that take advantage of a vast catalog of electronic books.</span> <span>
Today, Clubic you discover a solution that is efficient and free
unanimity in writing and you will surely enjoy for its many qualities!</span> <br /><br /> <span> Well thought out and ergonomically <b>Aldiko eBook Reader</b> gives you access to thousands of free electronic books and French on your Android phone.</span> <span>
With a vast library of classic ebooks in the public domain,
self-published books and original, you will surely find something in
English, French, Spanish and German.</span> <span>
The assembly is divided into several categories and themes: action,
science fiction, adventure, autobiography, erotic, fairy tales, history,
horror, humor, youth, police, religious, romance, news, war, westerns,
drama, philosophy , poetry, psychology, science and travel.</span> <span> Among the books paid for, we find titles for professionals and novels in rose water.</span> <br /><br /> <span> Perfectly realized and translated into French, the interface provides a grip of the fastest.</span> <span> The menus take up the theme "Library" classic.</span> <span>
On these shelves, you can browse your book collection, quick access to
recent readings and of course rummage in the catalogs online to download
new songs.</span> <span> In addition to coverage, it will display the title, author, date of publication, the user notes and a summary presentation.</span> <span>
You can search directly for a book or indulge in the thematic sections,
the most popular, the latest additions and rankings by Author by
filtering the whole language.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
On the drive, even if the interface is not as refined as that of
iBooks, it is particularly pleasing and has serious advantages.</span> <span>
A sliding or tapping right or left, enough to ensure smooth transition
from one page to another with a gentle motion of horizontal scrolling.</span> <span> In addition, it automatically remember your progress and automatically open the last page viewed.</span> <span> To adjust the brightness, simply drag it from top to bottom left of your screen.</span> <span>
Side menu, you can quickly access a chapter by clicking on "summary",
add pages to your favorites, switch to "Night" to search the online
dictionary or Google to direct you to the settings.</span> <span>
It will be possible to adjust the fonts, layout: spacing, alignment,
margins, the brightness, but also customize the navigation controls,
choose a theme and more practical orientation still lock in a vertical
or horizontal.</span> <br /><br /> <span> Finally, you can also play your own digital books with Alkido.</span> <span> Two conditions are needed immediately, however.</span> <span> To be supported, your books will be formatted ePUB and should not be protected by DRM.</span> <span> Once you are assured of two points, you can repatriate your books in the library's digital Aldiko.</span> <span>
To do this, you start by removing your files. EPub in the folder
"import" button in the folder "eBooks" at the root of your SD card
"Androphone.</span> <span> Then you must start the application, keep the home interface, tap the menu button and then select "Import."</span> <span>
After a few seconds of expectations, you will just have to visit your
library to enjoy your favorite texts and your course converted to ePub
with Writer2ePub .</span> <span> Eagerly awaiting the support formats other than digital books ePub, the assembly is to discover them, you will not regret it!</span> <br /><ul class="fleche" style="text-align: justify;">
<li> <span> <b>Aldiko Download eBook Reader for Android!</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Aldiko eBook Reader Mikeklo Clubic" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/01F4000003412568-photo-aldiko-ebook-reader-mikeklo-clubic.jpg" /> </div>
<br /><br /><h1 class="editorial" style="text-align: justify;">
<span> <span style="color: #0b5394;">2.The tenor of the public to discover VoIP on Android!</span></span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial" style="text-align: justify;">
<span> <span style="color: #e69138;">Skype for Android!</span></span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Skype Logo android Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0000006403615878-photo-skype-android-logo-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<span> The Android Market is full of communications solutions for voice over IP "VoIP".</span> <span>
Whether you are on your computer or smartphone, the device is always
handy to reach his contact at a lower cost through a simple WiFi
connection.</span> <span> In the field, there are of course Google Voice, Tango and Fring.</span> <span>
However, the first does not work in France, the second is neither
reliable nor stable, and the latter is too complex for the general
public.</span> <span>
Instead, we propose an application on which you probably already have an
account, you already know the principle of use, which you surely many
contacts, where your contacts will not hesitate to join you, and
especially an application that is already available on Windows , Mac , Linux , iPhone, iPod touch, iPad , Windows Mobile , Symbian and Java phones .</span> <span> We speak of course of <b>Skype</b> , long awaited and newly arrived on the Android platform!</span> <br /><br /> <span> <b>Skype</b>
for Android, of course you can make free calls to Skype, use instant
messaging service, but also to call landline numbers and mobile in
France and abroad with the purchase SkypeOut Skype Credit or subscribe
to a subscription.</span> <span>
Supports multitasking, you will be able to receive a call that the
application is open or veille.Techniquement all can work both in 3G
wireless.</span> <span> However in practice this will depend both on your operator and operating conditions of your subscription.</span> <span>
In terms of terminals, the publisher announces support for Smartphones
HTC and Motorola, Samsung S Galaxy provided to be equipped with Android
2.2, while pointing out problems with the Acer Liquid.</span> <span> Side of the OS, it will have a minimum of Android 2.1.</span> <span> Nexus One of our test with Android 2.2.1, the result is simply perfect.</span> <span>
Both say directly whether the application is well thought out and the
service works perfectly, we bitterly regret the absence of
videoconferencing iOS yet available but there is no option to send SMS.</span> <br /><br /> <span> To use childish <b>Skype</b> for Android has an accessible interface, translated into French and segmented into four tabs.</span> <span>
The grip is the fastest, although there are a few small weaknesses in
terms of ergonomics, especially for fast searching of contacts.</span> <span>
When you first launch the application, you will be prompted to import
the contacts on your phone or export your contact list and Skype
numbers.</span> <span> You also can not perform synchronization.</span> <br /><br /> <span> Via the first tab "Skype", it is possible to add a number or Skype contact.</span> <span> You will find course your contact list and phone numbers on <b>Skype</b> .</span> <span> To retrieve your contacts, you should move your finger across the screen to display a button to scroll quickly.</span> <span> A quick search would have been better.</span> <span>
In contrast via "group" of the "Menu" button, we appreciate the
opportunity to quickly sort contacts by group: all those in lines, only
Skype contacts or phone numbers stored, they contacted recently and
contacts blocked.</span> <span> To access the call functions and messaging, you can simply select a contact.</span> <span>
Note the presence of a fast menu, still pressing and hold a contact to
call, chat, view profile, add to favorites, block it or delete it.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
The tab "Call" will allow you to call a landline number or mobile phone
in France or abroad with your credit or your SkypeOut subscription.</span> <span> You can directly dial a number, but also to retrieve a contact via the phone's directory.</span> <span> Little more compared to the iPhone / iTouch, clicking on the flag, you will have a menu to select the destination country.</span> <span> Extremely useful for making international calls without knowing by heart the country code.</span> <span> During a call, you can activate the speakerphone, mute the microphone or save the conversation paused.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
Side of the tab "My Info", you can quickly change status, modify the
avatar by conducting a photo or select an image on the phone, enter a
mood message, edit your profile in detail <b>Skype</b> , but also view the subscription options and SkypeOut credits.</span> <span> By pressing the "Menu" button found on "Disconnect" and access to advanced settings.</span> <span>
You can enable or disable the start up and connect automatically, set
preferences for notifications and privacy or configure call forwarding.</span> <span>
With regard to the fun part, you can select an audio track in the music
library on your phone to adopt it as your default ringtone.</span> <span> To conclude the event tab, you will find the history of calls made, received, missed and the instant messaging conversations.</span> <span> Finally, <b>Skype</b> is needed directly and without surprise as a VoIP solution essential to Android.</span> <span> Pending support additional terminals and support of the videoconference, the assembly is to discover them!</span> <br /><br /><ul class="fleche" style="text-align: justify;">
<li> <span> <b>Download Skype for Android!</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Skype Android Clubic Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/01F4000003615942-photo-skype-android-clubic-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<br /><br /><h1 class="editorial" style="text-align: justify;">
<span> <span style="color: #0b5394;">3.Android free antivirus, ergonomic and well thought out!</span></span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial" style="text-align: justify;">
<span> <span style="color: #e69138;">Dr.Web Antivirus for Android!</span></span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Android Logo Antivirus Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0000006403782430-photo-android-antivirus-logo-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<span>
Although smartphones are not the main target of criminal organizations
and privileged, there are still some malware, intrusion cases, attacks
and information theft via the internet, email and sms.</span> <span> On Android, although the system is no less well protected than others, yet the risk is greater.</span> <span>
The reason: its popularity, the ability to install applications from
third party sources, less strict control of the Android Market, but also
the fact that devices are often unrestrained by users adventurers.</span> <span>
To protect your data and your information on Android, among the wide
range of application proposed in the sector, Clubic you to discover the
solution of free safety and well thought offered by the Russian
publisher Dr.Web!</span> <br /><br /> <span> <b>Dr Web Antivirus</b> is a true free antivirus for Android.</span> <span> To ensure optimum protection system, it has a detection module in real time.</span> <span> Although this is a good idea, the monitor SpIDer Guard mobilizes still 4.2 MB of memory.</span> <span>
Fortunately, the publisher has thought of everything, because if you
run out of battery or if you want to keep the longest running, you can
disable it with one click.</span> <span> In addition to being translated into French, the interface is clear, ergonomic and menus are all shown to use child.</span> <span>
Via the homepage, you can quickly activate the resident protection,
manually updates virus signature, view statistics and access to the
quarantine to remove or restore potential threats.</span> <span> In addition, there is access to the testing service on demand.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
It is possible to perform a scan to choose "Fast" limited to the
applications installed, a scan "Full" to check all files or scan
"Custom" to target files and folders in the internal memory and on SD
storage card.</span> <span> For a complete analysis on a recent phone, the application will need an average of twenty minutes.</span> <span> Conclude with configuration settings accessible via the menu button.</span> <span> We recommend that you give priority to check the option of automatic update of virus databases.</span> <span> Essential parameter of any antivirus will download once a day.</span> <span> In addition, you will be able to activate the AutoRun file analysis on the SD card and control of records.</span> <span>
The side of "Spider Guard, you can claim the analysis of all the files
on the SD card to each assembly to monitor potential threats transferred
from your computer.</span> <span> In the end, this security application is particularly ergonomic, practical and above all easily configurable.</span> <span> Unless the publisher dares to back down, all is now completely free!</span> <br /><ul class="fleche" style="text-align: justify;">
<li> <span> <b>Download Dr.Web for Android!</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Dr Web Antivirus Android Mikeklo Clubic" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/01F4000003782424-photo-dr-web-android-antivirus-mikeklo-clubic.jpg" /> </div>
<br /><br /><h1 class="editorial" style="text-align: justify;">
<span> <span style="color: #0b5394;">4.Watch any video without re-encoding!</span></span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial" style="text-align: justify;">
<span> <span style="color: #e69138;">Rockplayer Lite for Android!</span></span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Rockplayer android logo mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/03380174-photo-rockplayer-android-logo-mikeklo.jpg" /></div>
<span>
Android, the video support is by default rather limited outside 3GP or
MP4/H264, it is impossible, as the iPhone, play Divx files or MKV
without transcoding the box: the chip decompression integrated phones do
not support this format.</span> <span> We can happily work around this limitation through a video player alternative, and in this area, there will hardly better than <b>RockPlayer Lite</b> .</span> <span>
This software supports an impressive list of formats and containers
video, audio and subtitles: Avi, Divx, MKV, FLV, Ogg, Xvid, Mpg, Flac,
Rmvb, Mp4, Mov, Wmv, Asf, Wma, Wav, TS, MPa, Dvd, On, Mp3, Mid, Ivf,
AIFF, Str, Ogm, Cda, Flic, D2V, Aac, Roq, Drc, Dsm, Swf, Pls, Pmp, SVQ,
MPEG-1, MPEG-2, RealVideo.</span> <br /><br /> <span> The set offers a quick start.</span> <span> After transferring your files to your phone, launch the application.</span> <span> It will display a list of files and folders at the root of your memory card removable storage.</span> <span> You simply navigate to the directory containing your files.</span> <span> It will show both their names, format and size.</span> <span> You have to do is click on one of them to start playing.</span> <span> He will be responsible for memorizing the playback position and you will come back automatically.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
During playback, you will have more control buttons to better adapt the
format of the video screen, pause, fast forward or fast rewind.</span> <span> There is also a classic line of progression to move the file with a single tap.</span> <span> By default, it will display the time and the percentage of battery remaining.</span> <span> One last blue button will show you some more information about the container format, resolution, and the weight of your file.</span> <span> To clear the whole, simply click on your video.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
As for parameters, it will be possible to enable hardware acceleration,
the automatic launch of subtitles associated with your video files, but
also change the size and color of the text.</span> <span>
In addition, you can hide information about the use of the battery,
display only the media files in the explorer and show hidden files.</span> <span> A final option "Clear History" allows you to erase the history of reading.</span> <br /><br /> <span> Regarding the performance, overall <b>RockPlayer</b> gave us complete satisfaction.</span> <span> Tested on the Nexus One of Google, the reading is as fluid movement in the file.</span> <span> Offsets video / audio is extremely rare on the classic video resolution and are generally automatically corrected.</span> <span> However, we found a few problems care emphases in the subtitles in French.</span> <span> In addition, the application as the phone had problems with the videos in high definition "720p".</span> <span> Ultimately, the quality of results depend crucially on the power of embedded processor on your phone.</span> <br /><br /><ul class="fleche" style="text-align: justify;">
<li> <span> <b>Download RockPlayer Lite for Android!</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Rockplayer android Clubic mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0258000003380172-photo-rockplayer-android-clubic-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">
<br /><h1 class="editorial" style="color: #0b5394;">
<span>5.Uninstall your software easily batch Android!</span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial">
<span> <span style="color: #e69138;">AppRemover for Android!</span></span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px;">
<img alt="Android Logo AppRemover Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0000006403373372-photo-appremover-android-logo-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<span> Uninstall software on Android is far from an insurmountable task.</span> <span> However the current system will prove confusing for most beginners to the public.</span> <span>
Indeed, it should still tap the "Settings" button, enter the "Manage
Applications", find and choose an application to finally select
"Uninstall."</span> <span> To simplify your life, you Clubic proposes to adopt a solution much easier to use, convenient and of course free!</span> <br /><br /> <span> <b>AppRemover</b>
will allow you to uninstall batch your Android applications, whether
installed on your phone's internal memory or on your SD card.</span> <span> Now you no longer need to navigate through your settings Androphone to get rid of your programs.</span> <span> With a simple interface, its use is very childish.</span> <span> It will display the list of programs on your device by specifying the name, weight, date of installation and the logo.</span> <span>
From the first launch of the utility, we recommend you enable the
options to: "Show Check Boxes" to uninstall the software from lots and
"Show Filter panel" to show the search bar.</span> <span>
Note in passing the presence of three buttons "Sort by" to sort
programs alphabetically, by weight of the heaviest to the lightest, and
finally installation date, from newest to oldest.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
After running the utility and enabled the options indicated by the
drafting schedules, simply scroll down the list of applications while
checking the ones you want to uninstall.</span> <span> You can also use the search bar for more speed.</span> <span> Once this is complete, you simply tap the "Uninstall".</span> <span> Note in passing that it is possible to select all programs by checking the box next to the button.</span> <span> It will do more than confirm "OK" for each software or "Cancel".</span> <span> To adopt and advise without hesitation, until a French translation!</span> <br /><ul class="fleche">
<li> <span> <b>Download AppRemover for Android!</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<img alt="Android AppRemover Mikeklo Clubic" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/01F4000003373370-photo-appremover-android-mikeklo-clubic.jpg" /> <br /><br /><h1 class="editorial">
<span> <span style="color: #0b5394;">6.Forcing the closure of any open application!</span></span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial">
<span> <span style="color: #e69138;">Task Killer Android for Free!</span></span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px;">
<img alt="Taskiller free android logo mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/03263674-photo-taskiller-free-android-logo-mikeklo.jpg" /></div>
<span>
Unlike iOS limits multitasking to services (audio, GPS, instant
messaging ...), Android provides a complete management of multitasking:
any application can be run in the background.</span> <span>
This advantage allows the system to offer certain types of applications
that can not develop on the iPhone / iPod Touch but also a
disadvantage: it may be necessary to manage oneself services running.</span> <span>
Of course, it is not always the case: in principle, Android is capable
of handling himself the resource consumption of applications: if you use
Google Maps and return to the home screen, the GPS connection is
automatically cut , for example.</span> <span> Nevertheless, it may happen that one may need to close an application yourself, and among the existing software, <b>TasKiller Free</b>
has the advantage of being relatively easy to access, even if there are
other programs more comprehensive, as Advanced Task Manager.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
Once the utility starts, it will display in full screen icons and the
names of open source software and the amount of RAM remaining.</span> <span> You simply click on one of them to "kill" the application instantly.</span> <br /><br /> <span> For your convenience, is also available in TasKiller Widgets deposited directly on the desktop.</span> <span> It comes in three different formats.</span> <span> Taskbars "Task Bar" and "mini Task Bar will display the logos of the applications running.</span> <span> The third widget named "TasKiller" takes the form of a button.</span> <span> It will display the number of applications open simultaneously and will turn dark red when you have exceeded the limit of 6.</span> <span> More radical, they will take care to close all processes and services with a single tap.</span> <span> However, you can always protect sensitive applications.</span> <span> To do this, hold your finger on an icon and select "ignore".</span> <br /><br /> <span>
As for preferences, you will be able to manage and reset the exclusion
list and more interesting to activate the automatic closing of all
applications when the phone goes to sleep.</span> <span> On the same principle, you can order a suspension of all software at boot time.</span> <span>
This feature will prove very effective to circumvent the launch of
unnecessary programs at each restart, provided they carefully protected
services essential for the proper functioning of the device.</span> <span> Ultimately, a task manager available and effective!</span> <br /><br /><ul class="fleche">
<li> <span> <b>Download Free TasKiller for Android!</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<img alt="Taskiller free android Mikeklo Clubic" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0258000003304852-photo-taskiller-free-android-mikeklo-clubic.jpg" /> <br /><br /><h1 class="editorial">
<span> <span style="color: #0b5394;">7.Easily take control of your Android phone!</span></span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial" style="color: #e69138;">
<span> Quick Settings Android for Android!</span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px;">
<img alt="Settings Mikeklo logo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0000006403788594-photo-parametres-logo-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<span> Android, almost everything can be set.</span> <span>
However, faced with mazes of headings and subheadings of "Settings"
menu, beginners to the general public will be very difficult to quickly
configure the phone functions, access important information of the
telephone in real time, or their need to adapt the system parameters.</span> <span>
Instead of proposing to install a multitude of "widgets" pervasive,
Clubic you discover a good practical solution, free and open to proven!</span> <br /><br /> <span> With <b>Android Quick Settings</b> , you can easily take control of your smartphone Android.</span> <span>
The highlight of this true dashboard is to provide quick access to the
essential parameters of Android through a single interface, clear and
translated into French.</span> <span>
Without having to multiply the widgets, you can enable and disable the
touch features 3G, GPS, WiFi, Bluetooth, ringer and brightness.</span> <span>
One can also tune the brightness, simultaneously or separately activate
the alarm and the buzzer, but also monitor in detail the volume of
notifications, media, alarms, voice and sound system.</span> <span>
Another feat of ergonomic, simply press the title of each item to go
directly to the corresponding traditional menu and alter the advanced
settings.</span> <br /><br /> <span> Do not stop in so good way, there are 6 additional functions via the menu "Customize".</span> <span> You can add them to those displayed by default, rearrange the positions and hide the ones you want.</span> <span>
In the end, you will be able to resolve on the same principle the
volume "master" activate WiFi hotspot to share your connection, switch
to airplane mode, turn off synchronization services and auto-rotation,
or set the sprinkler The locking scheme and mobile data.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
In addition, he will take charge of view discreetly utilization of the
battery, the remaining space on the SD card and available memory.</span> <span>
There is also a button "Torch" to the choice of LED lights flash from
the camera or to show a white background with screen brightness at
maximum thrust.</span> <span>
Finally, on the side of application options, you can activate the
dialog, change the properties of the "Torch" and even more convenient,
add a shortcut icon in the menu drop-down notifications of Android.</span> <span> Translated into French and many thought this must be always there to serve you!</span> <br /><ul class="fleche">
<li> <span> <b>Download Quick Settings Android for Android!</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<img alt="Quick Settings Android Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/01F4000003788592-photo-quick-settings-android-mikeklo.jpg" /> <div style="background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none;">
<h1 class="editorial" style="color: #0b5394;">
<span>8.Scan the QR code to access the content directly!</span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial">
<span> <span style="color: #e69138;">Barcode Scanner for Android</span></span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px;">
<img alt="QR Code Barcode Scanner Android Clubic Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0000006403281560-photo-barcode-scanner-qr-code-android-clubic-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<span>
In the street, in magazines, or on certain websites, 2D bar codes, or
QR codes are becoming more common: they can be used to share a contact
in a virtual business card, the date and time of an event, an email
address, GPS coordinates, a phone number, text, and of course an
internet address.</span> <span>
Android, in particular, the practice is very common for applications to
access the Android Market: we use it in all forms Android our repository .</span> <span> The barcode scanner is therefore essential to Android, an application to have at your fingertips, and the aptly named <b>Barcode Scanner</b> will totally do!</span> <br /><br /> <span> The application provides a use of the child.</span> <span>
After launching Barcode Scanner, you can just aim for the QR Code with
the objective of your phone and place the center of your screen in the
rectangle transparent.</span> <span> The camera will automatically update the image and the red line will start to twinkle.</span> <span>
Less than a second later, the software will tell you the web address
stored and will offer to open it in your browser, share by email or send
via SMS.</span> <span> To access the Android Market, you will then have to click on the button "Open Browser".</span> <br /><br /> <span> In addition, it offers you the ability to scan bar codes found on traditional commercial items.</span> <span>
Although the analysis of the image is a bit slower, the method will
prove useful to compare the prices of CDs, books or video games with
"Google Shopping" but also to access the product presentations and user
reviews on the Internet.</span> <span> In short, an essential worthy of inclusion on the middle screen!</span> <br /><br /><ul class="fleche">
<li> <span> <b>Download Barcode Scanner for Android</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<img alt="Android Barcode Scanner Clubic Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/01F4000003281558-photo-barcode-scanner-android-clubic-mikeklo.jpg" /> <br /><br style="color: #0b5394;" /><h1 class="editorial" style="color: #0b5394;">
<span> 9.Use the LED flash your phone as a flashlight!</span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial" style="color: #0b5394;">
<span> <span style="color: #e69138;">LED Light for Android!</span></span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px;">
<img alt="Led Light logo Android Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0000006403911430-photo-led-light-android-logo-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<span> It is increasingly common to have, on smartphones, an LED flash.</span> <span>
If this one is obviously not made for this in the database, it can
detract from the principal use to use ... as a flashlight, for once much
more effective than applications that use the flashlight screen
smartphone.</span> <span>
The Android Market is full of applications already LED flash, but some
of them require Froyo, making them impossible to use with smartphones
that already had a flash (Defy Motorola, for example).</span> <br /><br /> <span> <b>LED Light</b> is the absolute simplicity and minimalism.</span> <span>
Unlike the competition, the application does not bother with features
like strobe schedules, morse code, flashing lights, police and other
warning signs.</span> <span> Once launched, the interface consists of a single button animated.</span> <span> With a simple tap of a finger, it can turn on and off at will the LED flash the phone.</span> <br /><br /> <span> To be always at hand, the application comes naturally Widget office.</span> <span> In the same spirit of simplicity, we discover a large button to also activate and deactivate a flick.</span> <span>
As for parameters, it will be possible to disable vibration, reducing
the size of the button widget and hide the subtitle "LED Light".</span> <span> Finally, by checking the "Shake Switch", you can turn on and off the LED flash your Android phone, stirring.</span> <span> A function to use as needed and will fully proven situation in a tent on a hike or just a night to replace the lamp.</span> <span>
A requirement to use sparingly (the LED flash can be a consumer of
battery), LED Light provides a simple and efficient to have a flashlight
continuously on itself.</span> <br /><br /><ul class="fleche">
<li> <span> <b>Download LED Light for Android!</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<img alt="Led Light Android Mikeklo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0258000003911428-photo-led-light-android-mikeklo.jpg" /> <br /><br /><h1 class="editorial">
<span> <span style="color: #0b5394;">10.Turn your smartphone into night while you sleep!</span></span> </h1>
<h2 class="editorial">
<span> <span style="color: #e69138;">Sweet Dreams for Android!</span></span> </h2>
<div style="float: left; padding-right: 6px;">
<img alt="SweetDreams Mikeklo Logo" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0000006403891828-photo-sweetdreams-logo-mikeklo.jpg" /> </div>
<span>
Our smartphones accompany us everywhere and in places where we do not
wish to be disturbed (we can certainly turn on vibrate mode), where at
times when you do not wish to consume unnecessary battery power or data
plan.</span> <span> Users of Nokia phones will recall that the profiles could be created to switch from one to another easily. <b>Sweet Dreams</b> picks up this idea, but by automating.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
The application will allow you to go to sleep without worrying about
settings on your Android phone ringtones and any other notifications and
night.</span> <span> You can then define a set of filters to create a personalized sleep mode for your phone.</span> <span>
To do this, you will be able to simultaneously turn off WiFi,
Bluetooth, 3G, EDGE, GPRS, tones and activate the vibrate mode, the
rapid extinction of the screen, but also to tune the volume of incoming
calls and notifications.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
Once the profile is created, simply specify the ranges of filtering for
automatic startup from sleep mode depending on the day and bedtime and
sunrise.</span> <span> Regarding the application of alarm clock, the application does not block its operation, and whatever the options selected.</span> <span>
Do not stop in so good way to adapt to unforeseen situations in your
daily sleep mode can be instantly turned off by several parameters.</span> <span>
Via the tab "Location" it will be possible to define a geographical
area where the sleep mode can be activated, for example at home.</span> <span> Your location will be determined by triangulation using signals from wireless networks detected by your WiFi antenna.</span> <span> Outside the activation zone, your phone will not enter sleep mode.</span> <br /><br /> <span>
Similarly, via the tabs "movement" and "Sound", you can configure the
application so that your phone is not in sleep mode or so
instantaneously, if the ambient noise and motion detected exceeds the
threshold of sensitivity selected.</span> <span>
To benefit from these detection functions without sacrificing your
autonomy, you will be prompted to define the parameters of the next
checking interval, every 5, 15, 30 or 60 minutes.</span> <span> Good idea, very well implemented!</span> <br /><br /><ul class="fleche">
<li> <span> <b>Download Sweet Dreams for Android!</b></span> </li>
</ul>
<img alt="Sweet dreams mikeklo Clubic" border="0" src="http://img.clubic.com/0258000003892176-photo-sweet-dreams-mikeklo-clubic.jpg" /> <div style="background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2138855673652777881.post-78828321169089600472011-05-26T20:12:00.000+05:302011-05-26T20:12:32.238+05:30Emulate the Google's Android mobile<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span><span class="meta"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&langpair=fr%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.co.in&twu=1&u=http://www.alsacreations.com/search/tag/android&usg=ALkJrhgpffdJ_9Kke6hLHcmILHfQKcxmPA"><br /></a></span></span> </div>
<div class="doc-content" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/medium/android.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Android" border="0" class="left" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/medium/android.jpg" /></a> <span> The "Google Phones" and many other competitive models are now equipped with the operating system open-source Android designed for smartphones and <abbr title="Personal Digital Assistant">PDAs.</abbr></span> <span>
It is possible to simulate the performance of Android, for example to
see the rendering of a site on mobile devices that are equipped with the
emulator official proposed by the development team.</span> <span> Android is equipped with <b>a browser based on Webkit engine,</b> also operated by the Google Chrome.</span> <br />
<span> It must first download the Android <abbr title="Software Development Kit">SDK</abbr> for your operating system and Sun's Java JDK kit if you do not already have:</span> <br />
<ul><a href="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/medium/android-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Android 2" border="0" class="right" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/medium/android-2.png" /></a>
<li> <span> <a href="http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html">Android SDK</a></span> </li>
<li> <span> <a href="http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp">Java SE Development Kit (JDK)</a></span> </li>
</ul>
<span> After installing Java JDK, unzip the Android SDK directory of your choice.</span> <span> It contains a subdirectory in which <strong>tools</strong> are located programs that interest us, and a root executable named <em>SDK Setup</em> allows you to download new profiles to run your emulator.</span> <br />
<span> If you get an error message like this: <em lang="en">Failed to fetch https: / / dl-ssl.google.com/android/repository/repository.xml, reason: SSL HTTPS error.</em></span> <span> <em lang="en">You Might want to force-through HTTP download In The settings,</em> </span><br />
<br />
<span>explore the Settings tab and check "Force https: / / sources to Be fetched using http://".</span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android SDK Setup" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-sdk-setup.png" /></div>
<br />
<span> You must download the poins <em>platform</em> in your environment, then create a <em>Virtual Android Device</em> (AVD) and run it in the emulator.</span> <span> The first step is to update the <em>packages</em> offered in <em>Available Packages.</em></span> <span>
Check the address of the depot (repository) then the versions of
Android for which you want to develop / test your site (the last one is
enough), then download them.</span> <span> You can add other options later for testing your developments.</span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android SDK Setup" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-sdk-update.png" /></div>
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android SDK Setup" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-sdk-update-2.png" /></div>
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android SDK Setup" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-sdk-update-3.png" /></div>
<h3>
<span> Create a DSA</span> </h3>
<span> <em>Virtual Devices</em> tab click <em>New.</em></span><br />
<span><em> </em></span> <br />
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android SDK AVD" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-sdk-avd.png" /></div>
<span> </span><br />
<span>Enter a name for your virtual gear in the <em>Name</em> field, select the version of Android targeted in <em>Target,</em> assign a virtual memory size of SD card (MiB), choose <em>a</em> skin then confirm with <em>Create DSA.</em></span><br />
<span><em> </em></span> <br />
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android SDK AVD" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-sdk-avd-2.png" /></div>
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android SDK AVD" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-sdk-avd-3.png" /></div>
<span> Return a list of <em>Virtual Devices,</em> you will find in the list which has been created, you can start with the <em>Start</em> button <em>...</em> then in the <em>Launch</em> window.</span> <br />
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android SDK AVD" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-sdk-avd-4.png" /></div>
<span> Be patient during the launch of the emulator ...</span> <br />
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android Emulator" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-emulator.png" /></div>
<span> </span><br />
<span>Click on the icon of the browser (Web Browser) to launch.</span> <span> You're ready to enter the address of your site in the navigation bar.</span> <span> The keyboard is usable and the mouse to simulate the touch interface.</span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<div class="center">
<img alt="Android Web Browser" src="http://www.alsacreations.com/xmedia/doc/full/android-web-browser.png" /></div>
<br />
<span>Other skins are downloadable on the Internet.</span> <span> You simply place them in the directory <code>\platforms\android-[version]\skins\</code> .</span><br />
<span> </span> <br />
<span>
The Android SDK allows application development (including through
Eclipse) with all the API to display 2D and 3D support for SMS and MMS,
video (H.264, MPEG-4), audio (OGG, MP3, AAC) GPS and SQLite.</span> </div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0